The Influence of the Equatorial Quasi-Biennial Oscillation on the Global Circulation at 50 mb

Holton, James R.; Tan, Hsiu-Chi

doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1980)037<2200:tioteq>2.0.co;2

Cited by 914 publications

(901 citation statements)

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“…When all the December data were included, the correlation between A p and EP flux divergence is only 0.02 (left-hand panel of Figure 7). It is evident that SSWs were more likely to be associated with the eQBO, consistent with the previous findings [see, e.g., Holton and Tan, 1980]. Neither major ENSO events nor major volcano eruptions were able to induce any significant relationship between A p and EP flux divergence.…”

Section: Qbo Phase Filtering Enso and Volcanic Eruptionssupporting

confidence: 90%

Geomagnetic activity signatures in wintertime stratosphere wind, temperature, and wave response

et al. 2013

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[1] We analyzed ERA-40 and ERA Interim meteorological re-analysis data for signatures of geomagnetic activity in zonal mean zonal wind, temperature, and Eliassen-Palm flux in the Northern Hemisphere extended winter (November-March). We found that for high geomagnetic activity levels, the stratospheric polar vortex becomes stronger in late winter, with more planetary waves being refracted equatorward. The statistically significant signals first appear in December and continue until March, with poleward propagation of the signals with time, even though some uncertainty remains due to the limited amount of data available ( 50 years). Our results also indicated that the geomagnetic effect on planetary wave propagation has a tendency to take place when the stratosphere background flow is relatively stable or when the polar vortex is stronger and less disturbed in early winter. These conditions typically occur during high solar irradiance cycle conditions or westerly quasi-biennial oscillation conditions. Citation: Seppälä, A., H. Lu, M. A. Clilverd, and C. J. Rodger (2013), Geomagnetic activity signatures in wintertime stratosphere wind, temperature, and wave response,

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Section: Qbo Phase Filtering Enso and Volcanic Eruptionssupporting

confidence: 90%

Geomagnetic activity signatures in wintertime stratosphere wind, temperature, and wave response

et al. 2013

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“…The transport barrier latitude shows a distinct undulation, consistent with the findings of Palazzi et al [2011] of a wintertime shift of the subtropical barrier toward the summer hemisphere during QBO westerly phase. This undulation of transport barrier location results from the shift of the zero wind line toward the summer hemisphere during QBO westerly phase, allowing planetary waves and associated mixing to penetrate to lower latitudes compared to easterly phase [Holton and Tan, 1980;Gray and Russell, 1999]. The AoA distribution responds to the combined effects of the QBO-related meridional circulation and mixing modulation [e.g., Gray and Russell, 1999;Choi et al, 2002], with QBO westerlies coinciding with anomalously weak tropical upwelling and enhanced extratropical isentropic stirring [Shuckburgh et al, 2001].…”

Section: Age Of Air Simulation and Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of stratospheric mean age of air and of the local effects of residual circulation and eddy mixing

et al. 2015

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We analyze the variability of mean age of air (AoA) and of the local effects of the stratospheric residual circulation and eddy mixing on AoA within the framework of the isentropic zonal mean continuity equation. AoA for the period 1988–2013 has been simulated with the Lagrangian chemistry transport model CLaMS driven by ERA‐Interim winds and diabatic heating rates. Model simulated AoA in the lower stratosphere shows good agreement with both in situ observations and satellite observations from Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding, even regarding interannual variability and changes during the last decade. The interannual variability throughout the lower stratosphere is largely affected by the quasi‐biennial‐oscillation‐induced circulation and mixing anomalies, with year‐to‐year AoA changes of about 0.5 years. The decadal 2002–2012 change shows decreasing AoA in the lowest stratosphere, below about 450 K. Above, AoA increases in the Northern Hemisphere and decreases in the Southern Hemisphere. Mixing appears to be crucial for understanding AoA variability, with local AoA changes resulting from a close balance between residual circulation and mixing effects. Locally, mixing increases AoA at low latitudes (40°S–40°N) and decreases AoA at higher latitudes. Strongest mixing occurs below about 500 K, consistent with the separation between shallow and deep circulation branches. The effect of mixing integrated along the air parcel path, however, significantly increases AoA globally, except in the polar lower stratosphere. Changes of local effects of residual circulation and mixing during the last decade are supportive of a strengthening shallow circulation branch in the lowest stratosphere and a southward shifting circulation pattern above.

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“…However, accurate quantification of the impact of the 11 year solar variability on stratospheric ozone (and hence on climate) is very challenging. First, stratospheric ozone concentrations are also controlled by various chemical and dynamical processes such as the quasibiennial oscillation (QBO), the meridional circulation, and stratospheric aerosol, some of which are nonlinearly coupled [e.g., Holton and Tan, 1980;World Meteorological Organization, 2015]. Second, there are very few good quality satellite-based ozone profile observations with retrieval errors less than the 11 year solar cycle signal (SCS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the ambiguous nature of the 11 year solar cycle signal in upper stratospheric ozone

Dhomse

Chipperfield

Damadeo

et al. 2016

Geophysical Research Letters

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Up to now our understanding of the 11 year ozone solar cycle signal (SCS) in the upper stratosphere has been largely based on the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II (v6.2) data record, which indicated a large positive signal which could not be reproduced by models, calling into question our understanding of the chemistry of the upper stratosphere. Here we present an analysis of new v7.0 SAGE II data which shows a smaller upper stratosphere ozone SCS, due to a more realistic ozone‐temperature anticorrelation. New simulations from a state‐of‐art 3‐D chemical transport model show a small SCS in the upper stratosphere, which is in agreement with SAGE v7.0 data and the shorter Halogen Occultation Experiment and Microwave Limb Sounder records. However, despite these improvements in the SAGE II data, there are still large uncertainties in current observational and meteorological reanalysis data sets, so accurate quantification of the influence of solar flux variability on the climate system remains an open scientific question.

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The Influence of the Equatorial Quasi-Biennial Oscillation on the Global Circulation at 50 mb

Cited by 914 publications

References 0 publications

Geomagnetic activity signatures in wintertime stratosphere wind, temperature, and wave response

Geomagnetic activity signatures in wintertime stratosphere wind, temperature, and wave response

Variability of stratospheric mean age of air and of the local effects of residual circulation and eddy mixing

On the ambiguous nature of the 11 year solar cycle signal in upper stratospheric ozone

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