The Influence of Suspension Containing Nanodiamonds on the Morphology of the Tooth Tissue Surface in Atomic Force Microscope Observations

Abstract

Reduced friction and wear of materials after the use of the carbon nanomaterials including nanodiamonds (NDs) have been confirmed by several studies in material engineering. Mechanical cleaning of the tooth surface by brush bristles should leave as little tissue roughened as possible. Higher surface roughness increases the tissue's wear and encourages the redeposition of the bacteria and the colouring agents present in the diet. Therefore, we evaluated the tooth tissues' surface's morphological changes after brushing them with the NDs suspension. Ten human teeth were brushed with the NDs aqueous suspension. The surfaces were observed using an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). We found that the nature of the tissue surface became milder and smoother. A number of selected profilometric parameters were compared before and after brushing. We observed that brushing with the suspension of NDs resulted in a significant reduction in the enamel and dentine's surface roughness both in the range of the average parameters (Ra; p-0,0019) and in the detailed parameters (Rsk; p-0,048 and Rku; p-0,036). We concluded that the NDs used in the oral hygiene applications have a potentially protective effect on the enamel and the dentine's surfaces.

Evaluating the Abrasivity of a Nanosized Eggshell–Titanium Dioxide on Tooth Enamel Using Atomic Force Microscopy

“…Various techniques have been published in the literature to quantify the abrasivity of toothpaste. 14,20,30 In this study, AFM was used to quantitatively and qualitatively measure the abrasivity of EB@TiO 2 . The mean roughness values (R a ) attained were used for statistical analysis.…”

“…Another useful device, like the profilometry, is the atomic force microscope (AFM) that has attracted increasing in interest in dental hard tissue studies. [19][20][21] AFM is applied widely, obtaining quantitative (roughness value) and qualitative (3D images) dental tissue analysis simultaneously at a very small scale, thereby not only offering a clear perception of the treatments and development of oral disease but also the coating of biomedical devices. 22,23 This study is aimed at evaluating the abrasivity of new toothpaste formulation containing titanium dioxide (EB@TiO 2 ) and modified eggshell powder in comparison with commercially available toothpastes using AFM.…”

Nanoparticles in Dentistry—Current Literature Review

“…This phenomenon can lead to increased tissue wear and redeposition of the bacteria. Studies have shown that correct use of a soft-tufted toothbrush in combination with a nanodiamond suspension for oral hygiene applications can provide a protective effect on the enamel and the dentine surfaces, making them smoother, so it is harder for bacteria to adhere [43].…”

Active Carbon-Based Nanomaterials in Food Packaging

“…At the molecular level, nanodiamond particles inhibit the gene expression responsible for oxidative stress and carcinogenesis [54] and they induce apoptosis in human endothelial cells [55]. A positive effect of diamond nanoparticles in contact with the dental tissue is also observed [56]. The toxicity of carbonbased nanomaterials, mainly graphene, carbon nanotubes and fullerenes on human and animal cells, and antibacterial activity are widely commented on in the literature.…”