The influence of smoking on vitamin C status in adults.

Schectman, Gordon; Byrd, James C.; Gruchow, Harvey W.

doi:10.2105/ajph.79.2.158

Cited by 296 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Lower plasma ascorbic acid concentrations have been described in smokers than in nonsmokers of both sexes (Schectman et al, 1989;Mezzeti et al, 1995;Ross et al, 1995;Marangon et al, 1998;Lykkesfeldt et al, 2000;Wei et al, 2001;Dietrich et al, 2003). Smokers had also lower plasma b-carotene concentrations than did the nonsmokers (Byers & Guerrero, 1995;Stryker et al, 1988;Nierenberg et al, 1991;Marangon et al, 1998;Dietrich et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Our study revealed a negative relationship with serum a-tocopherol only in women. Evidence of an association between tobacco smoking and vitamin E status is controversial (Stryker et al, 1988;Schectman et al, 1989;Mezzeti et al, 1995;Ross et al, 1995;Marangon et al, 1998;Wei et al, 2001). In smokers, we observed a lower serum selenium level than in nonsmokers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wei et al (2001) in the analysis of the NHANES III data also showed that smokers had significantly lower serum levels of those nutrients than nonsmokers of both sexes, and that this difference persisted after adjustment for factors that independently affected plasma ascorbic acid concentrations such as alcohol and intake of vitamins. Studies of active smoking (Schectman et al, 1989;Pelletier, 1997;Marangon et al, 1998;Wei et al, 2001;Alberg, 2002) and serum or plasma vitamin C concentrations after adjusting for vitamin C intake (Strauss, 1999;Farchi et al, 2001;Wei et al, 2001;Alberg, 2002) or fruit and vegetable intakes (Drewnowski et al, 1997;Alberg, 2002) have shown significantly lower vitamin C concentrations in smokers compared with nonsmokers. This observation suggests that smoking directly lowers plasma vitamin C concentrations by mechanisms that do not depend on dietary vitamin C intake, such an impaired vitamin C absorption (Pelletier, 1997) or increased turnover (Kallner et al, 1981;Tribble et al, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum concentrations of β-carotene, vitamins C and E, zinc and selenium are influenced by sex, age, diet, smoking status, alcohol consumption and corpulence in a general French adult population

Fe²,

et al. 2005

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Objective: To assess relationships between energy, nutrient and food intakes, alcohol consumption, smoking status and body mass index (BMI), and serum concentrations of b-carotene, a-tocopherol, vitamin C, selenium and zinc. Methods: Data on health status, alcohol consumption, smoking habits, anthropometric data and biochemical measurements were obtained in 1821 women aged 35-60 y and 1307 men aged 45-60 y, participant to the SU.VI.MAX Study. Data on dietary intake were available on a subsample who reported six 24-h dietary records during the first 18 months of the study. Results: Women had higher baseline serum b-carotene and vitamin C concentrations and lower concentration for serum vitamin E, zinc and selenium than men. In women, younger age was associated with lowered mean concentration of serum b-carotene, vitamin E and selenium. In men, only differences were observed for serum zinc, which was lower in older men. Current smokers of both sexes had significantly lower concentrations of serum b-carotene, vitamin C and selenium, and, only in women, of vitamin E, than nonsmokers. Alcohol consumers had lower concentrations of serum b-carotene and higher selenium concentrations. Serum b-carotene and vitamin C concentrations were lower in obese subjects. There were positive associations of dietary b-carotene, vitamin C and E with their serum concentrations. Age, nutrient and alcohol intakes, serum cholesterol, BMI and smoking status explained 15.2% of the variance of serum b-carotene in men and 13.9% in women, and 10.8 and 10.0% for serum vitamin C, and 26.3 and 28.6% for serum vitamin E, respectively. Conclusion: Serum antioxidant nutrient concentrations are primarily influenced by sex, age, obesity, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and especially dietary intake of those antioxidant nutrients. IntroductionCigarette smoking, obesity and some dietary patterns are well-known risk factors for both cardiovascular disease and cancer (WCRF/AIC; Kromhout, 2001). Yet, in the past several years, an increasing number of basic and clinical studies have pointed to the role of the reactive metabolites of oxygen, the free radicals, in these pathological processes, and the potential protective effect of antioxidant nutrients such as bcarotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium and zinc (Ames, Halliwell & Gutteridge, 1989;Diplock, 1991;Byers & Perry, 1992;Frei, 1994;Hercberg et al, 1998a).Epidemiological data from cross-sectional, case-control, and prospective studies have shown a strong relationship between the intake of foods rich in antioxidant vitamins and minerals, or the actual intake of these nutrients, and the risk of cancer and ischaemic cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (Block et al, 1992;Stampfer & Rimm, 1993;Byers & Guerrero, 1995;Kohlmeier & Hastings, 1995;Stampfer & Rimm, 1995;Hercberg et al, 1998a). However, most of published randomized placebo-controlled primary prevention trials have not been able to demonstrate these potential beneficial effects (Blot et al, 1993; The AlphaTocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Preventi...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum concentrations of β-carotene, vitamins C and E, zinc and selenium are influenced by sex, age, diet, smoking status, alcohol consumption and corpulence in a general French adult population

Fe²,

et al. 2005

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“…Smokers have a lower dietary intake of vitamin C than nonsmokers, but their requirements are higher [13,14]. Dietary vitamin C may not reflect true vitamin C status in smokers.…”

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confidence: 99%

Interaction of vitamin C with the relation between smoking and obstructive airways disease in EPIC Norfolk

2000

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Previous studies have reported an association between plasma vitamin C levels and respiratory function, but have not examined the role of vitamin C as an effect modifier of the relation between cigarette smoking and obstructive airways disease (OAD).This question was investigated in a cross-sectional analysis of a population-based study of 3,714 males and 4,256 females aged 45±74 yrs. Undiagnosed OAD was defined as a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of <80% of the predicted value and FEV1/forced vital capacity of <70% without self-reported OAD.An increase of 20 mmol . L -1 (or 1 SD) in plasma vitamin C concentration was associated with a 13% reduction in the risk of having OAD (adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval) 0.87 (0.77±0.98)). The OR for current smokers relative to never smokers within the lowest quintile of plasma vitamin C concentration was 5.93 (3.03±11.61). The risk in the upper four quintiles was 2.84 (1.92±4.19). Within the lowest quintile of plasma vitamin C concentration, the risk in former smokers was strongly related to the time since quitting (interaction significant, p=0.001).These findings support a protective role for vitamin C against the risk of obstructive airways disease and support the hypothesis that vitamin C may be an effect modifier for the adverse effects of smoking on the risk of obstructive airways disease.

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“…Vitamin C may protect LDL by scavenging free radicals in the aqueous phase and preserving the endogenous lipid-soluble antioxidants in LDL (Jialal et al, 1990;Frei, 1991;Retsky et al, 1993). Smokers have lower plasma ascorbate concentrations than nonsmokers (Schectman et al, 1989;Walmsley et al, 1999) because of lower dietary intake (Morabia & Wynder, 1990) and depletion by smoking (Lykkesfeldt et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does vitamin C supplementation influence the levels of circulating oxidized LDL, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and vWF-antigen in healthy male smokers?

et al. 2004

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Objective: To examine the effects of vitamin C supplementation on the concentration of oxidation markers, in particular, circulating oxidized LDL (OxLDL) and on endothelial activation markers. Design: Randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Setting: Belgian population of the city of Leuven. Subjects: A total of 34 healthy male smokers aged 26-73 y. Intervention: Smokers were randomly assigned to receive either vitamin C (250 mg twice daily) or placebo capsules, each to be taken for 4 weeks. After a 1-week washout period, participants then crossed over to the alternative capsules for further 4 weeks. Mean outcome measures: Markers of oxidation (bilirubin, uric acid, a-tocopherol, retinol, malondialdehyde, circulating Oxidized LDL (OxLDL)) and markers of endothelial activation (sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, vWF-antigen) were analysed. Results: Plasma ascorbate concentrations significantly increased from 46.6717.6 to 70.1721.2 mmol/l after a 4-week treatment with 500 mg vitamin C per day. The other plasma antioxidants concentrations, including bilirubin, uric acid, a-tocopherol and retinol, were similar in both treatment periods. Vitamin C did not change plasma malondialdehyde and circulating OxLDL compared with placebo (vitamin C 0.7370.25 mg/dl OxLDL; placebo 0.7270.21 mg/dl OxLDL). After vitamin C supplementation, neither sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 levels nor the concentration of vWF-antigen significantly differed from placebo condition. Conclusions: Oral supplementation of vitamin C is not associated with changes in markers of oxidation or endothelial activation in healthy male smokers.

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The influence of smoking on vitamin C status in adults.

Cited by 296 publications

References 32 publications

Serum concentrations of β-carotene, vitamins C and E, zinc and selenium are influenced by sex, age, diet, smoking status, alcohol consumption and corpulence in a general French adult population

Serum concentrations of β-carotene, vitamins C and E, zinc and selenium are influenced by sex, age, diet, smoking status, alcohol consumption and corpulence in a general French adult population

Interaction of vitamin C with the relation between smoking and obstructive airways disease in EPIC Norfolk

Does vitamin C supplementation influence the levels of circulating oxidized LDL, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and vWF-antigen in healthy male smokers?

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