The influence of propofol, remifentanil and lidocaine on the tone of human bronchial smooth muscle

Effects of chronic treatment with the new ultra‐long‐acting β2‐adrenoceptor agonist indacaterol alone or in combination with the β1‐adrenoceptor blocker metoprolol on cardiac remodelling

“…The lack of a synergistic interaction between these compounds might be attributed to the level of doses that induced submaximal effectiveness when they were administered alone, a condition that may hide the potential pharmacological synergism when compounds are administered in combination Rogliani et al, 2013). Hence, we cannot exclude the possibility of a synergistic interaction between the two drugs investigated when they are administered at lower dose combinations, as previously suggested by studies demonstrating that pharmacological synergism is mainly evidenced at low concentrations inducing less that 50% of the maximal effectiveness, in both ex vivo and in vivo settings (Cazzola et al, 2014a,b).…”

“…The analysis of drug interaction between metoprolol and indacaterol was measured by applying the Bliss Independence (BI) theory, as previously described Rogliani et al, 2013). Briefly, the BI theory for understanding the action of two agents is expressed by the following equation: E(x, y) = Ex + Ey − (Ex × Ey), where E is the fractional effect, and x and y are the doses of two compounds in a combination experiment.…”

Effect of the Mixed Phosphodiesterase 3/4 Inhibitor RPL554 on Human Isolated Bronchial Smooth Muscle Tone

“…The use of human isolated bronchial rings to investigate the actions of bronchodilator drugs is well established and considered predictive of the effectiveness of such drugs clinically, and we, as well as a number of other laboratories, have previously demonstrated a range of studies with different drug classes in this model (Matera et al, 2009(Matera et al, , 2011aTannu et al, 2010;Calzetta et al, 2011;Cazzola et al, 2011;Hewson et al, 2012;Rogliani et al, 2013). The inhibitory effect of RPL554 was maintained for up to 5 hours after termination of drug exposure, confirming the long duration of action of this compound in human airways, which we have subsequently confirmed in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) when this drug is nebulized to patients, confirming the predictability of our model (Cazzola et al, 2013;Franciosi et al, 2013).…”

Effects of prolonged anesthesia with dexmedetomidine, fentanyl, or remifentanil on the self-renewal of mouse embryonic stem cells

“…In contrast, many investigators have reported that dexmedetomidine, a potent α2-adrenoreceptor agonist with a high affinity for each of the α2-adrenoceptor subtypes (Peng et al, 2013), did not induce neurotoxicity and cellular degeneration in neither neonatal rodents nor primates (Palanisamy, 2012;Koo et al, 2014). Furthermore, remifentanil, a phenylpiperidine analgesic agent with a high affinity to μ-opioid receptors and exhibiting ultra-short-action, has gradually become established in clinical use (Rogliani et al, 2013), and large studies in vivo have validated its safety in neonates as an analgesic (Demirel et al, 2014).…”