The influence of periodic increases of human activity on crepuscular and nocturnal mammals: Testing the weekend effect

Nix, Joshua H.; Howell, Ryan G.; Hall, Lucas K.; McMillan, Brock R.

doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2017.11.002

Cited by 41 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Sibbald et al (2011) even found that red deer adapted their habitat use to the level of human activity, and stayed further away from hiking trails on weekends when human use of trails was highest. This has also been reported for mule deer, which have been shown to be less active during weekends compared to weekdays as response to human activity (Nix et al 2018). As in our study, red deer in the Southern Black Forest, Germany, a region highly frequented by recreation all year long, showed a pattern of trail avoidance during day but attraction during night (Coppes et al 2017b).…”

Section: Effects Of Trails On Red Deer Space Usesupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Importantly, several studies have shown that cervids can not only be affected by human recreational activities, but also by the infrastructures associated with these activities. Specifically, several cervid species adjust their space-use behavior to avoid close proximity to recreational trails (Rogala et al 2011, Coppes et al 2017b, Scholten et al 2018, especially during times of high human use, such as during the day (Ager et al 2003) or during weekends (Sibbald et al 2011, Nix et al 2018. However, most studies conducted to date have focused on the effects that varying intensities of human use have on trail avoidance in cervids.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Stay on trails – effects of human recreation on the spatiotemporal behavior of red deer Cervus elaphus in a German national park

Westekemper¹,

Reinecke²,

Signer³

et al. 2018

Wildlife Biology

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Section: Effects Of Trails On Red Deer Space Usesupporting

confidence: 88%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stay on trails – effects of human recreation on the spatiotemporal behavior of red deer Cervus elaphus in a German national park

Westekemper¹,

Reinecke²,

Signer³

et al. 2018

Wildlife Biology

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“…Without evident weather variations related to days of the week, the weekend effect found in bat acoustic activity is likely explainable by direct disturbances caused by human activities. Contradictory to our hypothesis or previous wildlife studies that reported unidirectional effects of the weekend (e.g., [ 25 , 26 ]), we found two different weekend effect patterns at two locations. At the UNCG sites, we observed a decrease of bat activity on weekends, which is consistent with the known negative weekend effect on wildlife.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

“…Wildlife may alter their behaviors to adapt to increased human activity on weekends and related temporal environmental changes. It has been documented that leisure activities in recreational areas occur at a higher frequency on the weekends than during weekdays and thus exert more disturbances on both diurnal and nocturnal species over the weekends [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]. The weekend effect of human presence on wildlife is often negative, resulting in reduced numbers of active individuals, increased avoidance to areas of human presence, altered behaviors, even reduced fitness [ 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Weekend Effect on Urban Bat Activity Suggests Fine Scale Human-Induced Bat Movements

Crihfield

Feng

et al. 2020

Animals

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In the urban environment, wildlife faces novel human disturbances in unique temporal patterns. The weekend effect describes that human activities on weekends trigger changes in the environment and impact wildlife negatively. Reduced occurrence, altered behaviors, and/or reduced fitness have been found in birds, ungulates, and meso-carnivores due to the weekend effect. We aimed to investigate if urban bat activity would differ on weekends from weekdays. We analyzed year-round bat acoustic monitoring data collected from two sites near the city center and two sites in the residential area/park complex in the city periphery. We constructed generalized linear models and found that bat activity was significantly lower on weekends as compared to weekdays during spring and summer at the site in the open space near the city center. In contrast, during the same seasons, the sites in the city periphery showed increased bat activity on weekends. Hourly bat activity overnight suggested that bats might move from the city center to the periphery on weekends. We demonstrated the behavioral adaptability in urban wildlife for co-existing with human. We recommend that urban planning should implement practices such as adding new greenspaces and/or preserving old-growth vegetation to form continuous greenways from the city center to the city periphery as corridors to facilitate bat movements and reduce possible human-wildlife conflict.

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“…Third order selection describes usage patterns of local areas and finally, fourth order selection can describe selection at finer scales (e.g., foraging sites). Selection of habitats may be influenced by quality of forage, risk of predation, competition, energy trade-offs, or anthropogenic influences like development, outdoor recreation, and hunting [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of habitat use on harvest vulnerability of cow elk (Cervus canadensis)

Sergeyev

McMillan

Hersey³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Pressure from hunting can alter the behavior and habitat selection of game species. During hunting periods, cervids such as elk (Cervus canadensis) typically select for areas further from roads and closer to tree cover, while altering the timing of their daily activities to avoid hunters. Our objective was to determine the habitat characteristics most influential in predicting harvest risk of elk. We captured 373 female elk between January 2015 and March 2017 in the Uinta-Wasatch-Cache National Forest and surrounding area of central Utah, USA. We determined habitat selection during the hunting season using a resource selection function (RSF) for 255 adult cow elk. Additionally, we used a generalized linear mixed model to evaluate risk of harvest based on habitat use within home ranges (3rd order selection) as well as the location of the home range on the landscape to evaluate vulnerability on a broader scale. Female elk selected for areas that reduced hunter access (rugged terrain, within tree cover, on private land). Age, elevation and distance to roads within a home range were most influential in predicting harvest risk (top model accounted for 36.2% of AIC weight). Elevation and distance to trees were most influential in predicting risk when evaluating the location of the home range (top model accounted for 42.1% of AIC weight). Vulnerability to harvest was associated with proximity to roads. Additionally, survival in our landscape decreased with age of femaleelk.

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The influence of periodic increases of human activity on crepuscular and nocturnal mammals: Testing the weekend effect

Cited by 41 publications

References 32 publications

Stay on trails – effects of human recreation on the spatiotemporal behavior of red deer Cervus elaphus in a German national park

Stay on trails – effects of human recreation on the spatiotemporal behavior of red deer Cervus elaphus in a German national park

The Weekend Effect on Urban Bat Activity Suggests Fine Scale Human-Induced Bat Movements

The influence of habitat use on harvest vulnerability of cow elk (Cervus canadensis)

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