The influence of fluoride ions on the passive dissolution of titanium

Kelly, J. J.

doi:10.1016/0013-4686(79)87084-x

Cited by 87 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Table II shows that, at constant light intensity, Csc and RL change only slightly with applied potential in the limiting photo current range. The film capacitance Cox decreases with increasing potential; this indicates an increase in film thickness, as might be expected for electric field dependent film growth (14). Except at low potential, Cox is approximately an order of magnitude smaller than the generally accepted values of the Helmholtz capacitance; omitting CH from the circuit of Fig.…”

Section: Evmentioning

confidence: 67%

Surface Charging Effects during Photoanodic Dissolution of n ‐ GaAs Electrodes

Kelly

Notten

1983

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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are changed by annealing; (iv) several elements of the annealing atmosphere are introduced into the phosphor. However, these models were rejected for the following reasons.Removing zinc oxide on the phosphor surface by etching does not impair life. ESR and thermoluminescence measurements indicate that the trap density (sulfur vacancy density) is not varied by annealing in air. Variations in Cu and Br content and the particle size by annealing in air are small. Various atmospheres are efficient for improving life.Therefore, the reason for improvement in life by annealing is considered to be not the above facts (i)-(iv), but structural changes in the EL phosphor particles.Upon annealing, the x-ray diffraction (111) peak intensity decreases, and deterioration activation energy increases from 0.3 to 0.45 eV. Reference (5) reports that the (111) peak intensity of x-ray diffraction is closely related to EL maintenance. Life tends to improve with a decrease in the (111) peak intensity in the case of fractionation, etching, and ball milling. This suggests phosphor crystal quality is closely related to life.On the other hand, Ref. (10) reports that the deterioration activation energy of unannealed ZnS: Cu, Br phosphors is about 0.3 eV, which is equal to the activation energy of Cu diffusion in ZnS.From these results, the reason why the annealed phosphor has a long life may be considered to be that the crystal quality is changed by annealing, which prevents Cu diffusion. In addition, it appears that quenching after annealing accelerates the change of phosphor crystal quality.On the other hand, the reason why air and NHs atmospheres are more effective than N2 or sulfur atmospheres for EL life improvement cannot be explained by the authors. SummaryAnnealing EL phosphor at temperatures from 700 ~ to 1000~ for more than 1 hr in NH8 or air and quenching was found to be most effective for life improvement. For example, phosphor annealed in air at 900~ for 2 hr had a half-life of more than 3000 hr (initial brightness --100 nt). Variations in sulfur vacancy density, dopant content, and phosphor particle size by annealing are small, but x-ray diffraction peak intensity was changed, and the activation energy of deterioration was increased from 0.3 to 0.45 eV by annealing. The reason the annealed and quenched phosphor has a long life may be that the crystal quality is changed.

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Section: Evmentioning

confidence: 67%

Surface Charging Effects during Photoanodic Dissolution of n ‐ GaAs Electrodes

Kelly

Notten

1983

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…66 However, owing to the insufficient information of surface morphology by microscale observation, it was difficult to find the self-ordering TiO 2 nanoporous arrays from their work, which accounts for relatively low citation by other researchers. It is well accepted that the formation of self-ordering TiO 2 nanoporous structure by anodization in fluoride containing chromic acid was reported by Zwilling et al in 1999.…”

Section: Self-ordering Tio 2 Nanotubular Arraysmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nanotubular surface modification of metallic implants via electrochemical anodization technique

Wang¹,

Jin²,

Zheng³

et al. 2014

IJN

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Due to increased awareness and interest in the biomedical implant field as a result of an aging population, research in the field of implantable devices has grown rapidly in the last few decades. Among the biomedical implants, metallic implant materials have been widely used to replace disordered bony tissues in orthopedic and orthodontic surgeries. The clinical success of implants is closely related to their early osseointegration (ie, the direct structural and functional connection between living bone and the surface of a load-bearing artificial implant), which relies heavily on the surface condition of the implant. Electrochemical techniques for modifying biomedical implants are relatively simple, cost-effective, and appropriate for implants with complex shapes. Recently, metal oxide nanotubular arrays via electrochemical anodization have become an attractive technique to build up on metallic implants to enhance the biocompatibility and bioactivity. This article will thoroughly review the relevance of electrochemical anodization techniques for the modification of metallic implant surfaces in nanoscale, and cover the electrochemical anodization techniques used in the development of the types of nanotubular/nanoporous modification achievable via electrochemical approaches, which hold tremendous potential for bio-implant applications. In vitro and in vivo studies using metallic oxide nanotubes are also presented, revealing the potential of nanotubes in biomedical applications. Finally, an outlook of future growth of research in metallic oxide nanotubular arrays is provided. This article will therefore provide researchers with an in-depth understanding of electrochemical anodization modification and provide guidance regarding the design and tuning of new materials to achieve a desired performance and reliable biocompatibility.

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“…The corrosion resistance of titanium is significantly affected by fluoride concentration and pH. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Some researchers examined the corrosion behavior of titanium under the PEFC conditions and found that titanium has high corrosion resistance but has high contact resistance. [25][26][27] However, there is no examination on the growth behavior of oxide films on titanium in PEFC environments and on the relationship between the film properties and the contact resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Properties of Titanium in PEFC Bipolar Plate Environments

2010

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In order to assess the applicability of titanium as a bipolar plate for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs), the electrochemical surface characteristics of commercially available pure titanium were examined in simulated PEFC conditions. The results of the electrochemical tests showed that the cathode operating potential of PEFC, 0.64 V (vs. Ag/AgCl(3.33 kmolÁm À3 KCl)), lay in the anodic passivation region for titanium. The operating potential of the PEFC anode, À0:36 V, lay in the cathodic region or the cathodic to anodic transition region. Under the PEFC cathode condition, a barrier-type film with high charge transfer resistance and high contact resistance formed on the specimen. Under the PEFC anode condition, an oxide film with low charge transfer resistance and low contact resistance formed by a dissolution-precipitation mechanism.

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The influence of fluoride ions on the passive dissolution of titanium

Cited by 87 publications

References 11 publications

Surface Charging Effects during Photoanodic Dissolution of n ‐ GaAs Electrodes

Surface Charging Effects during Photoanodic Dissolution of n ‐ GaAs Electrodes

Nanotubular surface modification of metallic implants via electrochemical anodization technique

Electrochemical Properties of Titanium in PEFC Bipolar Plate Environments

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