The influence of extraction solvents on the anticancer activities of Palestinian medicinal plants

Abstract

Palestine has a rich and prestigious heritage of herbal medicines. To investigate the impact of variable extraction techniques on the cytotoxic effects of medicinal plant extracts, 5 well-known medicinal plants from Palestine were extracted with 90% ethanol, 80% methanol, acetone, coconut water, apple vinegar, grape vinegar or 5% acetic acid. The resulting 35 extracts were screened for cytotoxic activities against three different cancer cell lines (B16F10, MCF-7 and HeLa) using a standard resazurin-based cytotoxicity assay and Nile Blue A as the positive control. Highly variable toxicities and tissue sensitivity were observed, depending upon the solvent used for extraction. The acetone extract of Salvia officinalis L. exhibited the most potent cytotoxicity (IC50 = 14 -36 ug/ml), but very little sensitivity between the three cell lines. More moderate cytotoxicity with improved tissue sensitivity was observed with coconut water extract of Salvia officinalis L (IC50 = 114 µg/ml) and methanolic extract of Teucrium polium L (IC50 = 104 µg/ml). In this study, acetone consistently gave lower extraction yields but higher cytotoxicity, whereas other solvent systems gave much higher extraction yields with lower cytotoxicity. These results demonstrate how the cytotoxicity of plant extracts can be inversely proportional to the yield, and that solvent selection plays an important role in both factors. (IC 50 = 104 µg/ml). In this study, acetone consistently gave lower extraction yields but higher cytotoxicity, whereas other solvent systems gave much higher extraction yields with lower cytotoxicity. These results demonstrate how the cytotoxicity of plant extracts can be inversely proportional to the yield, and that solvent selection plays an important role in both factors.

Transforming Growth Factor Beta of Testis Germinal Cell in Guinea Pig (Cavia Porcellus) After Exposure to Methanol Extract of the Seeds of Bitter Melon (Momordica Charantia) and Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate

“…and several other plants [118][119][120][121]. Beta-sitosterol D-glucoside has many pharmacological activities [118][119][120][121][122][123][124] such as androgenic, antiadenomic, anticancer [129][130][131][132][133][134], antiedemic [135], and antiinflammatory [136][137][138][139][140][141][142]. Sitosterol has a structure such as cholesterol that later in the body can become the precursor of testosterone and The maximum score of the addition is eight [40,94] has been supposed to have an antifertility, and sex steroids have been implicated in the development and maintenance of Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and use of androgen reducing compounds, such as 5α-reductase inhibitors which block the conversion of testosterone into dihydrotestosterone [14,32,52].…”

“…But in chemical compound in plant, Highly variable toxicities in plants and tissue sensitivity, depending upon the solvent used for extraction, the tool likes Column chromatography of the crude extracts lead to a number of fractions such as as potent anti cancer agents, scopoletin and β-sitosterol glucoside those have antioxidant property [127][128][129][130].…”

A Review of Cytotoxic Plants of the Indian Subcontinent and a Broad-Spectrum Analysis of Their Bioactive Compounds

“…In contrast, Salvia officinalis was found to be significantly cytotoxic against MCF-7, B16F10, and HeLa cells (IC 50 = 14-36 µg/mL). Two bioactive compound i.e., α-humulene and trans-caryophyllene ( Figure 7) were also isolated and tested against MCF-7 cell line and the IC 50 values were found to be 81 and 114 µg/mL, respectively [62]. the aerial parts of Teucrium sandrasicum were examined for cytotoxic effects against HeLa and Vero cell lines and the reported IC 50 values were 513 and 593 µg/mL, respectively [23].…”

“…Apoptosis was thought to be induced by polyphenolic compounds, such as p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, gallic acid, and rutin through interaction with Fas, Fas-L, p53, Bcl-2, and caspases (3,8,9) proteins [84]. In addition, F. carica was found to have cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, B16F10, and HeLa cell lines (IC 50 values were 440, 880, and >1000 µg/mL, respectively) [62].…”

Phytochemical Screening and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Ethanolic Extract of Hypericum cordifolium (choisy) Leaves

“…Anticancer activity means reversal, suppression or prevention of carcinogenic progression by using bioactive natural and synthetic agents [8]. Treatment options of cancer are typically expensive and unavailable in developing countries [9].…”