The Influence of Erythropoietin (EPO T<b>&#x2192;</b>G) and α-Actinin-3 (ACTN3 R577X) Polymorphisms on Runners' Responses to the Dietary Ingestion of Antioxidant Supplementation Based on Pequi Oil (<b><i>Caryocar brasiliense</i></b> Camb.): A Before-After Study

Abstract

Background/Aims: As diet can affect an individual's genes and these can affect response to supplementation, we aimed to investigate the influence of erythropoietin (EPO T→G) and α-actinin-3 (ACTN3 R577X) polymorphisms on plasma lipid peroxidation, hemogram and biochemical dosages of creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and C-reactive protein (including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) of runners (n = 123) before and after 14 days of 400 mg pequi oil supplementation, a natural carotenoid-rich oil, after races under closely comparable conditions. Methods/Results: Blood samples were taken immediately after racing to perform the tests. Before pequi oil supplementation, EPO polymorphism influenced erythrogram and plateletgram results, suggesting an aerobic advantage for the TG genotype and a disadvantage for the GG genotype as regards possible microvascular complications, while no association was found for ACTN3 polymorphism with endurance performance. Both polymorphisms influenced the runners' response to pequi oil: significant responses were observed for the EPO TT genotype in erythrocyte, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration values, and for the TT and TG genotypes in red blood cell distribution width values. Significant differences were also observed in the plateletgram for the TT and TG genotypes. ACTN3 mainly influenced aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase values: heterozygotes had a significant reduction in aspartate aminotransferase values and homozygous individuals (XX) in creatine kinase values after pequi oil supplementation. Conclusion: These results emphasize the importance of studying nutrigenomic effects on athletes' performance.

Interactions among methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) polymorphisms - a cross-sectional study: multiple heterozygosis as a risk factor for higher homocysteine levels and vaso-occlusive episodes

“…The minimum sample size was calculated based on a power analysis from the quantitative data, considering the maximum tolerable sampling error ranging from 0.05 to 0.20, according to a higher or lower population variability in the reference intervals of the laboratory tests and the samples after stratifications of the total group (Ribeiro et al, 2013;Barbosa et al, 2014).…”

The Acute Effect of the Antioxidant Drug U-74389G on Red Blood Cell Distribution Width Levels During Hypoxia Reoxygenation Injury in Rats

“…In addition, exercise plus vitamin C may diminish TBARS-levels and may affect the values of RDW in young soccer players. Ribeiro IF et al 32 investigated the infl uence of erythropoietin (EPO T→G) and α-actinin-3 (ACTN3 R577X) polymorphisms on plasma lipid peroxidation and hemogram. Both polymorphisms infl uenced the runners' response to pequi oil: signifi cant responses were observed for the EPO TT and TG genotypes in red blood cell distribution width values.…”

Association between interleukin 6 -174 G/C promoter gene polymorphism and runners' responses to the dietary ingestion of antioxidant supplementation based on pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) oil: a before-after study

“…Initially, 139 trained street runners of both genders (53 females and 86 males) and different age groups were recruited based on previously reported criteria (Miranda-Vilela et al ., 2009a,b, 2010, 2011a,b; Ribeiro et al ., 2013). Briefly, the tests were done after two races in the same environment and under closely comparable conditions, according to the type, intensity and length of the athletes weekly training, before and after the ingestion of 400 mg of pequi oil in capsules supplied daily for 14 consecutive days.…”

“…Despite these protective effects of pequi oil, some of the responses in runners are influenced by genetic polymorphisms related to oxidative stress and inflammatory markers (Miranda-Vilela et al ., 2009b, 2010, 2011a,b; Ribeiro et al ., 2013). Because some polymorphic genes are able to modify the risk of various diseases, and physical fitness has a genetic component, it would be interesting to study variations in genes that can influence athletic performance and pathogenic processes such as inflammatory responses (Colombini et al ., 2011).…”

“…Because the IL-6 –174 G/C polymorphism (SNP rs1800795) has been associated with exercise-related phenotypes (Eynon et al ., 2011a,b), and since diet can affect an individual's genes and these can in turn affect the response to supplementation (Miranda-Vilela et al ., 2011a; Miranda-Vilela, 2012; Ribeiro et al ., 2013), in this work we investigated the influence of this IL-6 polymorphism on the levels of creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), acute phase proteins (C-reactive protein - CRP and high-sensitivity CRP – hs-CRP), lipid peroxidation (evaluated by the TBARS assay), complete hemogram, and lipid profile of runners before and after ingestion of 400 mg of pequi oil in capsules supplied daily for 14 consecutive days. Overall, we sought to evaluate how individual genetic differences in IL-6 –174 G/C affected each athletes response to antioxidant supplementation with pequi oil during oxidative stress while exercising, and how the diet with pequi oil interacted with an individual's IL-6 gene to influence the response to this supplementation.…”