The influence of electrode erosion on the air arc in a low-voltage circuit breaker

Rong, Mingzhe; Ma, Qiang; Wu, Yi; Xu, Tao; Murphy, Anthony B.

doi:10.1063/1.3176983

Cited by 57 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In all cases, significant effects were found. For example, Rong et al predicted that copper vapor from the contacts and runners affected the transfer of the arc from the contacts and decreased the voltage between the runners, because of the influence of the copper vapor on the electrical conductivity of the plasma …”

Section: Low‐voltage Circuit Breakersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Thermal Plasma Processes: The Importance of Two‐Way Plasma‐Surface Interactions

Murphy

Park

2016

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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Most thermal plasma applications involve interactions between the plasma and solid or liquid surfaces. Computational models of thermal plasma applications typically consider the influence of the plasma on the surface, but often neglect the effect of the surface on the plasma. In many cases, however, it is not possible to accurately model the plasma process without taking the two‐way interactions into account. This is demonstrated using examples from arc welding, plasma cutting, plasma‐particle interactions, such as occur in plasma spheroidization, plasma nanoparticle production and plasma spraying, and high‐ and low‐voltage circuit breakers. Vaporization of metal, ceramic and polymer surfaces, transfer of heat and momentum from the plasma to particles and droplets, and changes in the surface shape are all shown to affect the properties of the plasma.

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Section: Low‐voltage Circuit Breakersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Thermal Plasma Processes: The Importance of Two‐Way Plasma‐Surface Interactions

Murphy

Park

2016

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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“…Comprehensive studies aiming to investigate the arc plasma properties, 1 simulate the arc interacting with solid counterparts, [2][3][4] explore the wall ablation and metal evaporation effect on arc dynamics, [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] and reveal the physics of arc spot [13][14][15][16] have been conducted in the past decades. Rong's group 2,5,11,13,15,17 has extensively studied the arc spot modeling, wall ablation, metal erosion, ferromagnetic effect of steels splitters, and conducted relevant experiments for validation. Rong et al 11 modeled the electrode erosion by adding the mass source term in the sheath layer, within which the erosion rate was derived from the energy balance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rong's group 2,5,11,13,15,17 has extensively studied the arc spot modeling, wall ablation, metal erosion, ferromagnetic effect of steels splitters, and conducted relevant experiments for validation. Rong et al 11 modeled the electrode erosion by adding the mass source term in the sheath layer, within which the erosion rate was derived from the energy balance. The added-in copper vapor helps to replenish the properties of plasma mixture in the simulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of wall ablation on low-voltage arc interruption: The effect of Stefan flow

Huo

Selezneva

Jacobs³

et al. 2019

Journal of Applied Physics

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Low-voltage circuit breakers provide essential protection for industrial and residential power installations, by taking advantage of the voltage drop at the electrode–plasma interface to force current zero. This is accomplished by using the magnetic force and unbalanced pressure on the arc as the contacts open to push the arc toward a stack of steel plates that break the arc into subarcs and thereby multiply the number of voltage drops. As the fault current can be high, substantial energy can be dissipated, which results in interactions among the arc and solid counterparts in terms of wall ablation and metal evaporation. In this study, ablation experiments are conducted to demonstrate its great influence on the arc voltage and on the pressure field. Significant progress has been accomplished in the computation of arc dynamics through the coupling of fluid motion with electromagnetics, although an important mechanism in arc breaking simulation, the effect of Stefan flow caused by species generation, has not been considered. We report out a numerical approach for taking into account the effect of Stefan flow, particularly for the breakers with high gasifying wall materials. This approach accounts for the diffusion induced convection due to added-in species from the evaporation surfaces, which will largely influence the flow field and the properties of the plasma mixture. Apart from the voltage drop, this mechanism plays an important role in simulating arc interruption. The ability of conducting Stefan flow computation further enhances the understanding of arc behaviors and improves the design of practically oriented low-voltage circuit breakers.

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“…Therefore, a limitation of the arc erosion is an especially important issue due to extend a lifespan of the switch and ensure a reliability of a power supply in electrical networks. The electric arc erosion can be represented as a complex function that is dependent on many factors, such as a type and a shape of a contact material, a velocity of the arc motion on the contact surface, environment conditions, parameters of quenching arc chamber, a switching frequency, a type, and a value of interrupted current . Therefore, finding an effective way for the limitation of the arc erosion is a complex issue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation into limitation of electric arc energy in LV switch installed in AC circuit through application of time-controlled contact separation

Oramus

Florkowski

2017

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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Summary This paper presents results from performed research on a mitigation of an electric arc in a LV switch through an application of a time‐controlled separation of contacts of the tested switch. The research was performed in an AC circuit composed with a voltage source, a pure inductive load, and the tested switch. The aim of performed activities was to determine electric arc energies as well as arcing times in the situation, when the contacts of the operated switch installed in the tested circuit were separated at different instants of the interrupted current. For this purpose, a microcontroller system with a special algorithm implemented was developed. To perform the research, the following angles of the current period were selected to perform the measurements: 35, 90, 145°, and the time just before 0°. To highlight an importance of the supply voltage on a character of the electric arc, its voltage‐current characteristics were determined at 2 different voltage levels of the voltage source (12 and 230 V).

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The influence of electrode erosion on the air arc in a low-voltage circuit breaker

Cited by 57 publications

References 23 publications

Modeling of Thermal Plasma Processes: The Importance of Two‐Way Plasma‐Surface Interactions

Modeling of Thermal Plasma Processes: The Importance of Two‐Way Plasma‐Surface Interactions

Study of wall ablation on low-voltage arc interruption: The effect of Stefan flow

Investigation into limitation of electric arc energy in LV switch installed in AC circuit through application of time-controlled contact separation

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