This paper explores the reform and innovation of the vocational quality curriculum in higher vocational education under the modernization background, aiming to enhance students' vocational quality and meet the social demand for high-quality technical and skilled talents. Through the analysis of the research background and significance, the researchers realized that there are problems in higher vocational education in cultivating students' vocational quality, and emphasized the importance of reforming and innovating the higher vocational quality curriculum. In the explanation of key concepts, the researcher clarified the definition and classification of skills and literacy, as well as the understanding and application of vocational literacy. In the theoretical framework and foundation section, the importance of vocational education theory and quality education theory was put forward, and research methods such as educational observation, experience summary, narrative research, and action research were introduced. In the strategy and implementation of the integration of skills and literacy, the researchers emphasized the importance of teaching objectives, teaching strategies, teaching implementation, and academic evaluation, and put forward specific implementation plans and steps. Finally, the teaching practice, summary and improvement experiences, and future development directions were introduced.