The influence of chemical polishing of titanium scaffolds on their mechanical strength and in-vitro cell response

Wysocki, Bartłomiej; Idaszek, Joanna; Buhagiar, Joseph; Szlązak, Karol; Brynk, Tomasz; Kurzydłowski, Krzysztof J.; Święszkowski, Wojciech

doi:10.1016/j.msec.2018.04.019

Cited by 85 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The unexpected decrease in wettability and increase of surface energy for samples fabricated with 34 and 45 J/mm 3 suggested that other crystalline structure of the oxide films formed on these materials [ 55 , 56 ]. The disadvantage of the metals 3D printing technologies is the necessity of post-processing which should be performed to restore equilibrium microstructure by heat treatments [ 57 ] or remove unmelted powder particles by chemical methods [ 37 ]. In our study heat and chemical post-processing methods changed values of surface parameters in a different way.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and in a mixture of hydrofluoric and nitric acids (2.2/20% HF/HNO 3 –6 min.) , which was chosen based on our previous study on titanium scaffolds for bone tissue engineering [ 37 , 49 ]. As-made samples were annealed at 600 °C for 1 h in an air atmosphere or vacuum and then cooled with a furnace.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Yavari and coworkers [ 36 ] investigated the effect of anodizing parameters and heat treatment of SLM titanium discs and found that combination of both processes improves cell adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Wysocki and coworkers [ 37 ] found that chemical polishing of 3D porous titanium scaffolds fabricated by means of SLM yields lowers cell seeding efficiency but improves cell proliferation and scaffolds colonization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Selective Laser Melting (SLM) Process Parameters on In-Vitro Cell Response

Wysocki

Idaszek

Zdunek

et al. 2018

IJMS

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The use of laser 3D printers is very perspective in the fabrication of solid and porous implants made of various polymers, metals, and its alloys. The Selective Laser Melting (SLM) process, in which consolidated powders are fully melted on each layer, gives the possibility of fabrication personalized implants based on the Computer Aid Design (CAD) model. During SLM fabrication on a 3D printer, depending on the system applied, there is a possibility for setting the amount of energy density (J/mm3) transferred to the consolidated powders, thus controlling its porosity, contact angle and roughness. In this study, we have controlled energy density in a range 8–45 J/mm3 delivered to titanium powder by setting various levels of laser power (25–45 W), exposure time (20–80 µs) and distance between exposure points (20–60 µm). The growing energy density within studied range increased from 63 to 90% and decreased from 31 to 13 µm samples density and Ra parameter, respectively. The surface energy 55–466 mN/m was achieved with contact angles in range 72–128° and 53–105° for water and formamide, respectively. The human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) adhesion after 4 h decreased with increasing energy density delivered during processing within each parameter group. The differences in cells proliferation were clearly seen after a 7-day incubation. We have observed that proliferation was decreasing with increasing density of energy delivered to the samples. This phenomenon was explained by chemical composition of oxide layers affecting surface energy and internal stresses. We have noticed that TiO2, which is the main oxide of raw titanium powder, disintegrated during selective laser melting process and oxygen was transferred into metallic titanium. The typical for 3D printed parts post-processing methods such as chemical polishing in hydrofluoric (HF) or hydrofluoric/nitric (HF/HNO3) acid solutions and thermal treatments were used to restore surface chemistry of raw powders and improve surface.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Selective Laser Melting (SLM) Process Parameters on In-Vitro Cell Response

Wysocki

Idaszek

Zdunek

et al. 2018

IJMS

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“…For this reason, chemical or electrochemical modification of the surface is desirable. [ 16,17 ] The basic approach is etching with hydrofluoric acid. This technique suffers from the disadvantage that the process of the etching is difficult to control in terms of the going rate and also, hydrofluoric acid facilitates hydrogen embrittlement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the surface etching on the corrosion behaviour of a three‐dimensional printed Ti–6Al–4V alloy

Fojt

Kačenka

Jablonská

et al. 2020

Materials & Corrosion

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Recently, there has been an extension of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology of metal materials in the medical field. Additive technology has made it possible to manufacture customized implants. However, 3D printing products often require surface treatment. The possible treatments include acid etching. This study investigated the effect of surface etching on the corrosion resistance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy concerning biological applications. The samples were etched in a mixture of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid. The corrosion behaviour was described by measuring the time dependence of polarization resistance in a saline solution and surface analysis. The results showed that etching creates a fluoride-rich layer on the surface, which negatively affects the corrosion behaviour of the material for up to 24 hr. Cytocompatibility tests showed that the resulting layer does not affect the biocompatibility of the material.

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“…It has been stated that a low nitric acid and a high hydrofluoric acid concentration lead to a decreased Ti surface roughness and an increased meltage [44]. Regarding surrounding tissue proliferation, acid surface treatment such as sulfuric, hydrochloric, and nitric solutions does not inhibit cell proliferation or collagen fibers production [45]. Ti scaffolds subjected to HAP processing showed the production of a bone-like apatite stratum, to exhibit osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity [46] and to enhance osteoblast differentiation [47].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue Integration and Biological Cellular Response of SLM-Manufactured Titanium Scaffolds

Băbțan

Timuș

Şoriţău

et al. 2020

Metals

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Background: SLM (Selective Laser Melting)–manufactured Titanium (Ti) scaffolds have a significant value for bone reconstructions in the oral and maxillofacial surgery field. While their mechanical properties and biocompatibility have been analysed, there is still no adequate information regarding tissue integration. Therefore, the aim of this study is a comprehensive systematic assessment of the essential parameters (porosity, pore dimension, surface treatment, shape) required to provide the long-term performance of Ti SLM medical implants. Materials and methods: A systematic literature search was conducted via electronic databases PubMed, Medline and Cochrane, using a selection of relevant search MeSH terms. The literature review was conducted using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA). Results: Within the total of 11 in vitro design studies, 9 in vivo studies, and 4 that had both in vitro and in vivo designs, the results indicated that SLM-generated Ti scaffolds presented no cytotoxicity, their tissue integration being assured by pore dimensions of 400 to 600 µm, high porosity (75–88%), hydroxyapatite or SiO2–TiO2 coating, and bioactive treatment. The shape of the scaffold did not seem to have significant importance. Conclusions: The SLM technique used to fabricate the implants offers exceptional control over the structure of the base. It is anticipated that with this technique, and a better understanding of the physical interaction between the scaffold and bone tissue, porous bases can be tailored to optimize the graft’s integrative and mechanical properties in order to obtain structures able to sustain osseous tissue on Ti.

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The influence of chemical polishing of titanium scaffolds on their mechanical strength and in-vitro cell response

Cited by 85 publications

References 45 publications

The Influence of Selective Laser Melting (SLM) Process Parameters on In-Vitro Cell Response

The Influence of Selective Laser Melting (SLM) Process Parameters on In-Vitro Cell Response

Influence of the surface etching on the corrosion behaviour of a three‐dimensional printed Ti–6Al–4V alloy

Tissue Integration and Biological Cellular Response of SLM-Manufactured Titanium Scaffolds

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