The influence of antimalarial treatment on IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expression on UVB-irradiated skin in systemic lupus erythematosus

Abstract

These results demonstrate the local inhibitory effects of chloroquine on UVB-induced upregulation in the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines in irradiated skin of SLE patients, and provide further insight into the apparent immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and photoprotective properties of chloroquine.

Inhibition of Cartilage Acidic Protein 1 Reduces Ultraviolet B Irradiation Induced-Apoptosis through P38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Jun Amino-Terminal Kinase Pathways

“…Two other pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IL-10, were also reported to be involved in UVBinduced apoptosis. IL-6 expression is significantly lower in UVB-irradiated skin cells while large amounts of IL-10 are produced in the meantime [17,38]. In our study we found that inhibition of CRTAC1 gene expression could reduce the amounts of TNF-α and IL-6, but increase IL-10 in interference group.…”

“…Moreover, TNF-α is an important mediator of immunity and inflammation, and it was reported to be involved in UVB-induced apoptosis of keratinocytes [16]. Wozniacka et al reported that three months of chloroquine treatment appeared to block UVB-induced up-regulation of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α expression in non-diseased skin of systemic lupus erythematosus patients [17].…”

Pharmacology of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine

“…4AQs inhibit replication of HIV, SARS coronavirus, and infl uenza [ 10 , 38 , 136 ] 26. Chloroquine blocked production of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α caused by ultraviolet irradiation of skin of normal subjects but had no effect on expression of these cytokines in unirradiated skin [ 223 ] 27. Chloroquine stimulated nitric oxide production in the kidney and brain with increased vasopressin and natriuresis [ 224 ] 28.…”

Therapy and pharmacological properties of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and related diseases

“…Of particular interest in relation to the skin reactions that occur in SLE are the observations of Wozniacka et al (2008) in which mRNA levels for IL-1 b , IL-6 and TNF a were measured in UV-radiated biopsied skin sites of 14 patients with SLE before and after monotherapy with CQ phosphate 125 mg b.i.d. for 3 months.…”