The influence of alloying elements on the electrochemistry of lead anodes for electrowinning of metals: A review

Clancy, Marie; Bettles, Colleen Joyce; Stuart, A.K.; Birbilis, Nick

doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2012.11.001

Cited by 70 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…CVs showed known redox features of the Pb component of the anode, as shown inFigure 1, including the Pb/PbSO 4 redox wave at −0.31 V vs. RHE and PbO/Pb at −0.24 V vs. RHE. Similar to other published reports on PbAg anodes[2], we observe the PbO 2 /PbSO 4 redox wave at 1.59 V vs. RHE as well as the onset of the OER at 1.92 V vs. RHE.…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

“…On the other hand, the E corr of a PbAg electrode with a sulfuric acid electrolyte containing 5 g·L −1 Co 2+ is −0.24 V, which is only 20 mV more positive than the electrode without any solution-phase metal ion additives. All three of the pre-electrolysis E corr values are close to one another, yet we know from both practical industrial use and studies published on corrosion in this system [2,6,7,13,22], that Mn 2+ has an effect toward preventing anode corrosion.…”

Section: In-situ Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…The electrochemical behavior of Pb, and the more commonly used PbAg, anodes is relatively well known. In general, a series of reactions occur at the electrode surface that occur depending on the applied potential [2,13,14]. The first reaction (Equation (2)) is the interaction of the Pb anode surface with the sulfate ions from the H 2 SO 4 solution to form a semi-permeable PbSO 4 layer on the surface at potentials near −0.21 V vs. RHE in 1.6 M H 2 SO 4 (pH = −0.2) [15]:…”

Section: Pb Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research on water oxidation catalysts to provide protons and electrons for solar fuel production is pursued around the globe, with thousands of studies published on the topic [1]. There has been comparatively little progress implementing this knowledge in practical and industrial systems, many of which still use catalysts developed several decades ago [2]. The gap between research investment and commercial use continues to widen as solar fuel integrated systems published today face challenges producing a positive economic return.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Industrial electrorefining or electrowinning processes operate by similar principles. Lead alloy electrodes are widely used as anodes in industry and are assumed to have Faradaic efficiency near unity [2]. The lead anodes are electrically conductive, low cost and relatively stable at high potentials and acidic conditions [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Corrosion Potential Modulation on Lead Anodes Using Water Oxidation Catalyst Coatings

2018

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The oxidation of water to form oxygen gas provides charge balance for the cathodic deposition of metals, such as zinc, in the electrorefining industry. This is a corrosive, four-electron electrochemical reaction that causes deterioration of lead-silver alloy anodes employed in these processes. A sacrificial manganese oxide layer on the anode surface, formed in-situ from manganese sulfate, is used in industry to reduce the corrosion rate of these anodes by preferentially enabling water oxidation rather than lead dissolution. Still, it is poorly understood how the activity of manganese oxide as a water oxidation catalyst relates to its anticorrosive properties. Here, we show how the presence of water oxidation catalysts both formed in-situ (including the industry standard manganese oxide) and heterogenized prior to electrolysis on lead anodes affect the corrosion potential of these anodes. We find that corrosion potential under dynamic polarization conditions is the parameter most affected by the coatings formed in-situ and applied ex-situ prior to electrolysis.

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confidence: 91%