The Influence of Air‐Sea Fluxes on Atmospheric Aerosols During the Summer Monsoon Over the Tropical Indian Ocean

Zavarsky, Alexander; Booge, Dennis; Fiehn, Alina; Krüger, Kirstin; Atlas, Elliot L.; Marandino, Christa

doi:10.1002/2017gl076410

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Correlation of MSAM with DMSO2 during the second leg in the Arabian Sea.associated with upwelling in the Gulf of Aden were reported(Warneke and de Gouw, 2001). More recent measurements during a ship cruise in July and August 2018 in the western tropical Indian Ocean reported values of up to 0.3 ppb DMS(Zavarsky et al, 2018). The DMS measurements presented here are therefore consistent with the very limited previous measurements in this region.…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

A new marine biogenic emission: methane sulfonamide (MSAM), DMS and DMSO2 measured in air over the Arabian Sea

Edtbauer

Stönner

Pfannerstill

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. We present the first ambient measurements of a new marine emission methane sulfonamide (MSAM), along with dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and dimethyl sulfone (DMSO2) over the Arabian Sea. Two shipborne transects (W to E, E to W) were made during the AQABA (Air Quality and Climate Change in the Arabian Basin) measurement campaign. DMS mixing ratios were in the range 0.3&#8211;0.5&#8201;ppb during the first traverse of the Arabian Sea (first leg) and 0.1 to 0.3&#8201;ppb in the second leg. In the first leg DMSO2 was always below 0.04&#8201;ppb and MSAM was close to the limit of detection. During the second leg DMSO2 was between 0.04&#8211;0.12&#8201;ppb and MSAM was mostly in the range 0.02&#8211;0.05&#8201;ppb with maximum values of 0.06&#8201;ppb. An analysis of HYSPLIT back trajectories combined with calculations of the exposure of these trajectories to chlorophyll a content in the water revealed that most MSAM originates from the Somalia upwelling region, known for its high biological activity. This new marine emission is of particular interest as it contains both sulfur and nitrogen, making it potentially relevant to marine nutrient cycling and particle formation.

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supporting

confidence: 91%

A new marine biogenic emission: methane sulfonamide (MSAM), DMS and DMSO2 measured in air over the Arabian Sea

Edtbauer

Stönner

Pfannerstill

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…We analyzed, in total, 162 DMS seawater samples. A detailed description of the measurement procedure is provided in Zavarsky et al ().…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bubble‐Mediated Gas Transfer and Gas Transfer Suppression of DMS and CO₂

et al. 2018

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Direct dimethyl sulfide (DMS) flux measurements using eddy covariance have shown a suppression of gas transfer at medium to high wind speed. However, not all eddy covariance measurements show evidence of this suppression. Processes, such as wave-wind interaction and surfactants, have been postulated to cause this suppression. We measured DMS and carbon dioxide eddy covariance fluxes during the Asian summer monsoon in the western tropical Indian Ocean (July and August 2014). Both fluxes and their respective gas transfer velocities show signs of a gas transfer suppression above 10 m/s. Using a wind-wave interaction, we describe a flow separation process that could be responsible for a suppression of gas transfer. As a result we provide a Reynolds number-based parameterization, which states the likelihood of a gas transfer suppression for this cruise and previously published gas transfer data. Additionally, we compute the difference in the gas transfer velocities of DMS and CO 2 to estimate the bubble-mediated gas transfer using a hybrid model with three whitecap parameterizations. Plain Language SummaryInvestigating the air-gas transfer of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and CO 2 , we estimate the influence of bubble-mediated gas transfer.Furthermore, we explore the phenomena of gas transfer suppression. The gas transfer between atmosphere and ocean should increase with increasing wind speed. At certain wind speed the amount of gas transferred flattens. We provide a wind-wave interaction as possible explanation of this phenomenon.

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“…The local coupling of air-sea fluxes and the formation of aerosols and clouds over the ocean is still highly uncertain. The study combined directly measured air-sea fluxes with satellite aerosol remote sensing was done by [19]. It is a novel, interdisciplinary approach where results from air-sea gas transfer are combined with atmospheric chemistry satellite remote sensing using meteorological transport models.…”

Section: The Disturbances Of the Atmosphere In Areas Of Catastrophic mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Electrodynamic Influence of Atmospheric Processes to the Ionosphere

Сорокин¹,

Chmyrev²,

Hayakawa³

2020

OJER

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This work is an attempt to critically analyze the existing theoretical models of the impact of earthquake preparation processes on the state of the earth's atmosphere and ionosphere in the zone of growing seismic activity, as well as the mechanisms of formation and transfer of disturbances in various media over the earthquake center. The determining factor (criterion) of the analysis is the degree of compliance of the simulation results with experimental data obtained at various phases of earthquake development by direct and remote diagnostic methods using ground and aerospace technologies. The key role is played by the model's compliance with the results of measuring electric fields and currents in the near-ground atmosphere and ionosphere, small-scale ionospheric inhomogeneities and correlated field-aligned currents and electromagnetic ULF/ELF emissions. A full-fledged model should also explain the origin of such seismic related phenomena as the generation in the troposphere and over-horizon propagation of pulsed VHF radiation, thermal effects and associated IR emissions as well as the modification of plasma distribution in the D, E and F layers of the ionosphere. The use of this criterion in the analysis allowed us to identify a theoretical model that most fully describes the totality of the above-mentioned experimental data within a single physical mechanism. This is an electrodynamic model based on the perturbation of the conductivity current in the global atmosphere-ionosphere electric circuit due to the injection of charged aerosols into the atmosphere during the preparation and development of an earthquake. The present paper describes this model and the formation mechanisms of related phenomena in the atmosphere and ionosphere, which can be considered as short-term precursors to earthquakes.How to cite this paper: Sorokin, V.M., Chmyrev, V.M. and Hayakawa, M. (2020) A Review on Electrodynamic Influence of Atmospheric Processes to the Ionosphere.

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The Influence of Air‐Sea Fluxes on Atmospheric Aerosols During the Summer Monsoon Over the Tropical Indian Ocean

Cited by 21 publications

References 36 publications

A new marine biogenic emission: methane sulfonamide (MSAM), DMS and DMSO<sub>2</sub> measured in air over the Arabian Sea

A new marine biogenic emission: methane sulfonamide (MSAM), DMS and DMSO<sub>2</sub> measured in air over the Arabian Sea

Bubble‐Mediated Gas Transfer and Gas Transfer Suppression of DMS and CO₂

A Review on Electrodynamic Influence of Atmospheric Processes to the Ionosphere

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The Influence of Air‐Sea Fluxes on Atmospheric Aerosols During the Summer Monsoon Over the Tropical Indian Ocean

Cited by 21 publications

References 36 publications

A new marine biogenic emission: methane sulfonamide (MSAM), DMS and DMSO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; measured in air over the Arabian Sea

A new marine biogenic emission: methane sulfonamide (MSAM), DMS and DMSO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; measured in air over the Arabian Sea

Bubble‐Mediated Gas Transfer and Gas Transfer Suppression of DMS and CO2

A Review on Electrodynamic Influence of Atmospheric Processes to the Ionosphere

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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A new marine biogenic emission: methane sulfonamide (MSAM), DMS and DMSO<sub>2</sub> measured in air over the Arabian Sea

A new marine biogenic emission: methane sulfonamide (MSAM), DMS and DMSO<sub>2</sub> measured in air over the Arabian Sea

Bubble‐Mediated Gas Transfer and Gas Transfer Suppression of DMS and CO₂