The indirect effect of fine particulate matter on health through individuals’ life-style

Abstract

Limited literature has been published on the association between environmental health indicators, lifestyle habits and ambient air pollution. We have examined the association of asthma prevalence and the amount of health investment with daily mean concentrations of particulate matter (PM) with a mass median aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 mm (PM 2.5) in 16 metropolitan areas in U.S. using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2001) data in conjunction with the Air Quality System data collected by the Environmental Protection Agency. A multivariate probit approach has been used to estimate recursive systems of equations for environmental health outcome

Online health information seeking behavior, healthcare access, and health status during exceptional times

“…Poor?” We categorized the responses with multiple health status options into a binary indicator, assigning a value of 1 if individuals reported their health as fair or poor, and 0 otherwise (i.e., excellent, very good, or good). This approach was chosen as the responses could not be simply scored on a numerical scale (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) due to the non-equidistant nature of the true scale between categories, as highlighted in previous literature ( O'Donnell et al, 2008 ; Di Novi, 2010 , 2013 ). 3…”

Online health information seeking behavior, healthcare access, and health status during exceptional times

“…Poor?” We categorized the responses with multiple health status options into a binary indicator, assigning a value of 1 if individuals reported their health as fair or poor, and 0 otherwise (i.e., excellent, very good, or good). This approach was chosen as the responses could not be simply scored on a numerical scale (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) due to the non-equidistant nature of the true scale between categories, as highlighted in previous literature ( O'Donnell et al, 2008 ; Di Novi, 2010 , 2013 ). 3…”

The Impact of Particulate Matter on Outdoor Activity and Mental Health: A Matching Approach

“…Secondly, the indicator of PM concentration needs to be identified. Most previous studies have used the mean annual concentrations of air pollutants on a city level [43,44]. However, using annual average levels is not adequate in our context.…”

Older patients and geographic barriers to pharmacy access: When nonadherence translates to an increased use of other components of health care

“…15 The multivariate probit model with endogenous dummies belongs to the general class of simultaneous equation models (Maddala, 1983). See Cappellari and Jenkins (2003) for more on the estimation of the multivariate probit model and Balia and Jones ( 2008), Di Novi (2010), and Di Novi (2013) for applications that use the multivariate probit model to estimate a recursive system similar to the one used here.…”

Online health information seeking behavior, healthcare access, and health status during exceptional times

“…Poor?” We categorized the responses with multiple health status options into a binary indicator, assigning a value of 1 if individuals reported their health as fair or poor, and 0 otherwise (i.e., excellent, very good, or good). This approach was chosen as the responses could not be simply scored on a numerical scale (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) due to the non-equidistant nature of the true scale between categories, as highlighted in previous literature ( O'Donnell et al, 2008 ; Di Novi, 2010 , 2013 ). 3…”

The Impact of Particulate Matter on Outdoor Activity and Mental Health: A Matching Approach

“…Secondly, the indicator of PM concentration needs to be identified. Most previous studies have used the mean annual concentrations of air pollutants on a city level [43,44]. However, using annual average levels is not adequate in our context.…”

Older patients and geographic barriers to pharmacy access: When nonadherence translates to an increased use of other components of health care

“…15 The multivariate probit model with endogenous dummies belongs to the general class of simultaneous equation models (Maddala, 1983). See Cappellari and Jenkins (2003) for more on the estimation of the multivariate probit model and Balia and Jones ( 2008), Di Novi (2010), and Di Novi (2013) for applications that use the multivariate probit model to estimate a recursive system similar to the one used here.…”

Online health information seeking behavior, healthcare access, and health status during exceptional times

“…Poor?” We categorized the responses with multiple health status options into a binary indicator, assigning a value of 1 if individuals reported their health as fair or poor, and 0 otherwise (i.e., excellent, very good, or good). This approach was chosen as the responses could not be simply scored on a numerical scale (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) due to the non-equidistant nature of the true scale between categories, as highlighted in previous literature ( O'Donnell et al, 2008 ; Di Novi, 2010 , 2013 ). 3…”

The Impact of Particulate Matter on Outdoor Activity and Mental Health: A Matching Approach

“…Secondly, the indicator of PM concentration needs to be identified. Most previous studies have used the mean annual concentrations of air pollutants on a city level [43,44]. However, using annual average levels is not adequate in our context.…”

Older patients and geographic barriers to pharmacy access: When nonadherence translates to an increased use of other components of health care

“…15 The multivariate probit model with endogenous dummies belongs to the general class of simultaneous equation models (Maddala, 1983). See Cappellari and Jenkins (2003) for more on the estimation of the multivariate probit model and Balia and Jones ( 2008), Di Novi (2010), and Di Novi (2013) for applications that use the multivariate probit model to estimate a recursive system similar to the one used here.…”