The Incorporation of Hands-On Surgical Training in a Congenital Heart Surgery Training Curriculum

State-of-the-art silicone molded models for simulation of arterial switch operation: Innovation with parting-and-assembly strategy

“… 6 , 7 , 8 Since its introduction in 2015, Hands-On Surgical Training (HOST) courses using 3D printed models have received excellent responses, which has driven regular annual courses and its incorporation into monthly surgical training curricula and virtual formats. 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 However, commercially available materials for 3D printing provide suboptimal elastic properties, strength, and texture for surgical procedures. 6 , 9 , 10 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 Silicone has been used for variety of medical applications because its physical properties are similar to those of human soft tissues.…”

Is it time to incorporate hands-on simulation into the cardiothoracic surgery curriculum?

“…A similar programme exists in the United States, which combines didactic sessions with high-fidelity simulations designed to improve resident performance in a variety of speciality-specific skills [ 10 ]. A similar theme has also been demonstrated in congenital heart surgery with the incorporation of a monthly Hands-On Surgical Training programme in Toronto, Canada, whereby trainees rehearse complex congenital heart procedures on three-dimensional printed models and receive objective feedback on their performance [ 6 ]. These examples, among others, have shown an increased acceptance of simulations that has been driven by improved teaching behaviours, the utilization of technology and the growth of objective evidence demonstrating its value.…”

“…Although the incorporation of regular simulation modalities into CTS training programmes is sparse, there are examples where it has been fully integrated into the curricula [ 6 , 9 , 10 ]. For example, the UK national CTS programme has a portfolio of at least 10 curriculum-aligned training courses that utilizes both low- and high-fidelity simulators that cover a wide spectrum of technical and non-technical skills [ 9 ].…”

“…With the transition to online platforms to deliver didactic teaching, the same goals can be achieved with simulation [ 6 ]. Equipment can be delivered to trainees beforehand, and trainers can demonstrate the simulated task using video conferencing.…”

Commentary: Virtual reality 3-dimensional imaging of atrioventricular valves: A tool for surgeons or a toy for engineers?

“…Virtual reality (VR) and 3-dimensional (3D) printed model technologies are more frequently used in the congenital heart disease field, mainly to plan complex surgical repairs 1 , 2 or to enhance medical training. 3 Usually, 3D printed models are derived by computed tomography or cardiac magnetic resonance reconstructions, which provide better spatial definition. Both imaging techniques are limited to reproducing atrioventricular valves.…”