The Incidence and Severity of Post-Vaccination Reactions after Vaccination against COVID-19

Jęśkowiak, Izabela; Wiatrak, Benita; Grosman-Dziewiszek, Patrycja; Szeląg, Adam

doi:10.3390/vaccines9050502

Cited by 62 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…These cutaneous reactions close to the injection site are common just as in other vaccines, 5 and our result concurs well with a study conducted in Jordanian and Polish health workers. 20 , 23 But this finding is higher than another prospective observational study conducted in the United Kingdom, which has shown injection site symptoms among 58.7% of study participants. 19 Among the reported injection site symptoms, the commonest being injection site pain (65.48%) followed by tenderness (57.89%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

COVID-19 Vaccine: Side Effects After the First Dose of the Oxford AstraZeneca Vaccine Among Health Professionals in Low-Income Country: Ethiopia

Solomon¹,

Eshete²,

Mekasha³

et al. 2021

JMDH

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The Oxford-AstraZeneca is one of COVID-19 vaccine which is expected to be mass-produced and plays a critical role in controlling the pandemic that the globe faced. Ethiopia launched the AstraZeneca vaccination and planned to vaccinate 20% of the population by the end of 2021. Health care professionals are one of the eligible groups of the community to receive the vaccine with priority. Although individuals are advised to take the vaccine to protect themselves and the people around them from COVID-19 infection, many are doubtful about the consequences of the vaccine. So, this study assessed the immediate symptoms associated with taking the Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine. Methods: This online study was conducted from April 15 to 30, 2021 at a national level across health care providers who took their first dose of Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine in Ethiopia.Results: There were 672 study participants engaged in this study and around 75.8% of health care providers who took the vaccine had injection site symptoms like pain (65.48%) and tenderness (57.89%). Most of them (60%) developed their injection site symptom within 12 hours after vaccination and the symptoms lasted for about 24-72 hours on most (63.53%) of the participants. Mild symptoms were identified among 70.98% of the study participants; tiredness and headache were the most reported symptoms with 52.08% and 50.15%, respectively. Only 6.1% of participants reported severe symptoms. Conclusion:As like that of other vaccines, the Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine has some adverse effects and most side effects peaked within the first 24 hours following vaccination and usually lasted 1-3 days. Severe symptoms were uncommon, but they were found to be a major reason why vaccine recipients did not recommend it to others and did not plan to take their second dose. After receiving the COVID-19 vaccination, recipients should be advised about potential vaccine symptoms, how to handle them, and when and where to seek additional guidance if necessary.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

COVID-19 Vaccine: Side Effects After the First Dose of the Oxford AstraZeneca Vaccine Among Health Professionals in Low-Income Country: Ethiopia

Solomon¹,

Eshete²,

Mekasha³

et al. 2021

JMDH

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“…To date, several independent (non-sponsored) phase IV studies on mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines have been published from various countries, e.g., Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Iraq, Italy, Jordan, Malta, Poland, Saudi Arabia, the UK, and the USA [13,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. The results of these phase IV studies generally agreed with the results of the phase III trials executed by the manufacturers and published by the regulators, i.e., the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [31,32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These hybrid systems are needed now more than ever because they can overcome the drawbacks of sole passive surveillance and active surveillance systems. Jęśkowiak et al (2021) evaluated the Polish passive surveillance system and concluded that it was unreliable in the case of COVID-19 vaccines vigilance, as they compared its data to targeted active studies and found serious discrepancies [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Side Effects of mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccine: Nationwide Phase IV Study among Healthcare Workers in Slovakia

et al. 2021

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mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines such as BNT162b2 have recently been a target of anti-vaccination campaigns due to their novelty in the healthcare industry; nevertheless, these vaccines have exhibited excellent results in terms of efficacy and safety. As a consequence, they acquired the first approvals from drug regulators and were deployed at a large scale among priority groups, including healthcare workers. This phase IV study was designed as a nationwide cross-sectional survey to evaluate the post-vaccination side effects among healthcare workers in Slovakia. The study used a validated self-administered questionnaire that inquired about participants’ demographic information, medical anamneses, COVID-19-related anamnesis, and local, systemic, oral, and skin-related side effects following receiving the BNT162b2 vaccine. A total of 522 participants were included in this study, of whom 77% were females, 55.7% were aged between 31 and 54 years, and 41.6% were from Banska Bystrica. Most of the participants (91.6%) reported at least one side effect. Injection site pain (85.2%) was the most common local side effect, while fatigue (54.2%), headache (34.3%), muscle pain (28.4%), and chills (26.4%) were the most common systemic side effects. The reported side effects were of a mild nature (99.6%) that did not require medical attention and a short duration, as most of them (90.4%) were resolved within three days. Females and young adults were more likely to report post-vaccination side effects; such a finding is also consistent with what was previously reported by other phase IV studies worldwide. The role of chronic illnesses and medical treatments in post-vaccination side effect incidence and intensity requires further robust investigation among large population groups.

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“…One-quarter of the participants (25.5%) reported that their vaccination decision would be influenced by the vaccine side effects being monitored closely by competent authorities. A recent Polish study demonstrated that passive surveillance systems used widely by the governments to monitor COVID-19 vaccine side effects were ineffective, thus bolding the demand for active surveillance of COVID-19 vaccine side effects by independent (non-sponsored) studies [ 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 ]. The students who reported to need this evidence the most are mainly females, non-HCS, influenced by media and social media, mistrusting their healthcare providers and pharmaceutical industry, and with immunity misconception and insufficient perceived knowledge.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Drivers of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Czech University Students: National Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2021

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Background: university students are believed to retain the highest levels of health literacy. They are perceived as the opinion leaders within their communities; therefore, their health-related beliefs and attitudes are deemed important for public health campaigns. This study aimed to investigate the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy drivers among university students in the Czech Republic. Methods: a cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire was carried out in the weeks before the unrestricted vaccine deployment to Czech adults. The questionnaire had 21 multiple-choice items stratified in 4 categories; demographic characteristics, COVID-19-related anamnesis and influenza vaccine experience, attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination, and the possible drivers of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy suggested by the WHO-SAGE. Results: out of the 1351 included students, 66.8% were females, 84.5% were Czech nationals, and 40.6% enrolled in healthcare programs. The overall COVID-19 vaccine acceptance level was 73.3%, 19.3% of participants were vaccine-resistant, and only 7.4% were vaccine-hesitant. Trust in the pharmaceutical industry, trust in healthcare providers, and perceived knowledge sufficiency predicted higher odds of vaccine acceptance. In contrast, media and social media, personal beliefs, immunity misconception, previous COVID-19 infection, and suspicions about novel vaccines and the local availability predicted higher odds of vaccine hesitancy. Conclusions: The findings of this study predict a fair probability to achieve community immunity (herd immunity) among the target population group. The primary prevention strategies in the Czech Republic need to be culturally sensitive and inclusive for foreign nationals. As one-quarter of the participating students are dependent on vaccine safety data, this study findings support the call for independent studies evaluating the side effects of COVID-19 vaccines.

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The Incidence and Severity of Post-Vaccination Reactions after Vaccination against COVID-19

Cited by 62 publications

References 23 publications

COVID-19 Vaccine: Side Effects After the First Dose of the Oxford AstraZeneca Vaccine Among Health Professionals in Low-Income Country: Ethiopia

COVID-19 Vaccine: Side Effects After the First Dose of the Oxford AstraZeneca Vaccine Among Health Professionals in Low-Income Country: Ethiopia

Side Effects of mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccine: Nationwide Phase IV Study among Healthcare Workers in Slovakia

Prevalence and Drivers of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Czech University Students: National Cross-Sectional Study

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