The Importance of Age Dependent Mortality and the Extrinsic Incubation Period in Models of Mosquito-Borne Disease Transmission and Control

Bellan, Steven E.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010165

Cited by 82 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…First, the extrinsic incubation period (EIP), defined as the time interval between vector infection and transmission, is influenced by temperature 5 and directly affects the force of infection for DENV. [6][7][8] The EIP for DENV ranges from 15 days at 25 C to 6.5 days at 30 C 9 and from 4 days at 37 to more than 30 days at 18 for YFV. 10 Second, higher temperatures result in higher viral replication of DENV in Aedes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Climate and Mosquito Vector Abundance on Sylvatic Arbovirus Circulation Dynamics in Senegal

Althouse

Hanley

Diallo

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Sylvatic arboviruses have been isolated in Senegal over the last 50 years. The ecological drivers of the pattern and frequency of virus infection in these species are largely unknown. We used time series analysis and Bayesian hierarchical count modeling on a long-term arbovirus dataset to test associations between mosquito abundance, weather variables, and the frequency of isolation of dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. We found little correlation between mosquito abundance and viral isolations. Rainfall was a negative predictor of dengue virus (DENV) isolation but a positive predictor of Zika virus isolation. Temperature was a positive predictor of yellow fever virus (YFV) isolations but a negative predictor of DENV isolations. We found slight interference between viruses, with DENV negatively associated with concurrent YFV isolation and YFV negatively associated with concurrent isolation of chikungunya virus. These findings begin to characterize some of the ecological associations of sylvatic arboviruses with each other and climate and mosquito abundance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Climate and Mosquito Vector Abundance on Sylvatic Arbovirus Circulation Dynamics in Senegal

Althouse

Hanley

Diallo

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…One theoretical investigation so far suggests that this may be the case. 11 Presence of sugar in the environment of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae s.s. affects most of the components of vectorial capacity (Stone CM, Foster WA, unpublished data). For instance, biting rates are reported to be higher when sugar is absent, 12,13 whereas for survivorship the opposite is true.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Plant-Community Composition on the Vectorial Capacity and Fitness of the Malaria Mosquito Anopheles gambiae

Stone¹,

Jackson²,

Foster³

2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Dynamics of Anopheles gambiae abundance and malaria transmission potential rely strongly on environmental conditions. Female and male An. gambiae use sugar and are affected by its absence, but how the presence or absence of nectariferous plants affects An. gambiae abundance and vectorial capacity has not been studied. We report on four replicates of a cohort study performed in mesocosms with sugar-poor and sugar-rich plants, in which we measured mosquito survival, biting rates, and fecundity. Survivorship was greater with access to sugar-rich plant species, and mortality patterns were age-dependent. Sugar-poor populations experienced Weibull mortality patterns, and of four populations in the sugar-rich environment, two female and three male subpopulations were better fitted by Gompertz functions. A tendency toward higher biting rates in sugar-poor mesocosms, particularly for young females, was found. Therefore, vectorial capacity was pulled in opposing directions by nectar availability, resulting in highly variable vectorial capacity values.

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“…Mosquitoes need to bite at least twice to acquire and transmit the infection, and the Plasmodium parasites undertake a complex sporogonic cycle within the vector, such that depending on environmental temperature, the duration of the extrinsic incubation period can be similar to the average life expectancy of the mosquito [5]. This makes malaria transmission particularly vulnerable to the daily survival probability of the vector, since it is necessary for mosquitoes to survive until completion of sporogony and beyond this in order to transmit salivary gland sporozoites to susceptible hosts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature during larval development and adult maintenance influences the survival of Anopheles gambiae s.s.

Christiansen-Jucht

Parham

Saddler

et al. 2014

Parasites & Vectors

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Background: Malaria transmission depends on vector life-history parameters and population dynamics, and particularly on the survival of adult Anopheles mosquitoes. These dynamics are sensitive to climatic and environmental factors, and temperature is a particularly important driver. Data currently exist on the influence of constant and fluctuating adult environmental temperature on adult Anopheles gambiae s.s. survival and on the effect of larval environmental temperature on larval survival, but none on how larval temperature affects adult life-history parameters. Methods: Mosquito larvae and pupae were reared individually at different temperatures (23 ± 1°C, 27 ± 1°C, 31 ± 1°C, and 35 ± 1°C), 75 ± 5% relative humidity. Upon emergence into imagoes, individual adult females were either left at their larval temperature or placed at a different temperature within the range above. Survival was monitored every 24 hours and data were analysed using non-parametric and parametric methods. The Gompertz distribution fitted the survivorship data better than the gamma, Weibull, and exponential distributions overall and was adopted to describe mosquito mortality rates. Results: Increasing environmental temperature during the larval stages decreased larval survival (p < 0.001). Increases of 4°C (from 23°C to 27°C, 27°C to 31°C, and 31°C to 35°C), 8°C (27°C to 35°C) and 12°C (23°C to 35°C) statistically significantly increased larval mortality (p < 0.001). Higher environmental temperature during the adult stages significantly lowered adult survival overall (p < 0.001), with increases of 4°C and 8°C significantly influencing survival (p < 0.001). Increasing the larval environment temperature also significantly increased adult mortality overall (p < 0.001): a 4°C increase (23°C to 27°C) did not significantly affect adult survival (p > 0.05), but an 8°C increase did (p < 0.05). The effect of a 4°C increase in larval temperature from 27°C to 31°C depended on the adult environmental temperature. The data also suggest that differences between the temperatures of the larval and adult environments affects adult mosquito survival. Conclusions: Environmental temperature affects Anopheles survival directly during the juvenile and adult stages, and indirectly, since temperature during larval development significantly influences adult survival. These results will help to parameterise more reliable mathematical models investigating the potential impact of temperature and global warming on malaria transmission.

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The Importance of Age Dependent Mortality and the Extrinsic Incubation Period in Models of Mosquito-Borne Disease Transmission and Control

Cited by 82 publications

References 44 publications

Impact of Climate and Mosquito Vector Abundance on Sylvatic Arbovirus Circulation Dynamics in Senegal

Impact of Climate and Mosquito Vector Abundance on Sylvatic Arbovirus Circulation Dynamics in Senegal

Effects of Plant-Community Composition on the Vectorial Capacity and Fitness of the Malaria Mosquito Anopheles gambiae

Temperature during larval development and adult maintenance influences the survival of Anopheles gambiae s.s.

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