The Implications of Increased Survivorship for Mortality Variation in Aging Populations

Engelman, Michal; Canudas-Romo, Vladimir; Agree, Emily M.

doi:10.1111/j.1728-4457.2010.00344.x

Cited by 87 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…With respect to the latter, as survival improves overall within a population, the cohorts that are capable of surviving to each age may become more heterogeneous, and thus health disparities may become apparent at increasingly older ages (Engelman et al 2010). These findings suggest that evidence of declines in health or increased heterogeneity at older ages might indicate improvements in health or mortality at younger ages.…”

Section: Examination Of Frailty and Demographymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Osteological Paradox 20 Years Later: Past Perspectives, Future Directions

2015

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More than 20 years ago, Wood et al. (Curr Anthropol 33:343-370, 1992) published ''The Osteological Paradox: Problems of Inferring Prehistoric Health from Skeletal Samples,'' in which they challenged bioarchaeologists to consider the effects of heterogeneous frailty and selective mortality on health inferences in past populations. Here, we review the paper's impact on bioarchaeology and paleopathology, focusing on recent advancements in studies of ancient health. We find the paper is often cited but infrequently engaged in a meaningful way. Despite an initial decade of limited progress, numerous researchers are now addressing components of the Paradox in more informed ways. We identify four areas of fruitful research: (1) intrasite, contextual perspectives, (2) subadults, (3) associating stress markers with demographic phenomena, and (4) skeletal lesion-formation processes. Although often seen as a problematic assumption, understanding the sources of heterogeneous frailty within human populations is a worthy research question in and of itself, and one that clearly links past and present health research within a global framework.

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Section: Examination Of Frailty and Demographymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Osteological Paradox 20 Years Later: Past Perspectives, Future Directions

2015

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“…Vaupel, Zhang, and van Raalte (2011) report relatively stable variability patterns for survivors beyond age 50 in the last 100 years. Engelman, Caswell, and Agree (2014) and Engelman, Canudas-Romo, and Agree (2010), however, provide evidence for a modest expansion of lifespan variability for survivors at older ages, resulting from mortality improvement at these same ages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Decomposing changes in life expectancy: Compression versus shifting mortality

Bergeron-Boucher¹,

Ebeling²,

Canudas-Romo³

2015

DemRes

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“…When an explanation has been provided, it has tended to refer primarily to international differences in age-at-death variability (11-19), rather than to the various trends over time (11,13,16,20,21). Smoking has, however, been mentioned as being one of the possible determinants of differences in age-at-death variability between countries, sexes, or educational groups (e.g.(12,14,18)).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of smoking in changes in the survival curve: an empirical study in 10 European countries

Janssen

Rousson

Paccaud

2015

Annals of Epidemiology

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Purpose: We examined the role of smoking in the two dimensions behind the time trends in adult mortality in European countries: i.e., rectangularization of the survival curve (mortality compression) and longevity extension (increase in the age at death).Methods: Using data on national sex-specific populations aged 50 and over from Denmark, Finland, France, West Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom, we studied trends in life expectancy, rectangularity, and longevity from 1950 to 2009 for both all-cause and non-smoking-related mortality, and correlated them with trends in lifetime smoking prevalence.Results: For all-cause mortality, rectangularization accelerated around 1980 among men in all of the countries studied, and more recently among women in Denmark and the United Kingdom.Trends in lifetime smoking prevalence correlated negatively with both rectangularization and longevity extension, but more negatively with rectangularization. For non-smoking-related mortality, rectangularization among men did not accelerate around 1980. Among women, the differences between all-cause mortality and non-smoking-related mortality were small, but larger for rectangularization than for longevity extension. Rectangularization contributed less to the increase in life expectancy than longevity extension, especially for non-smoking-relatedmortality among men.Conclusion: Smoking affects rectangularization more than longevity extension, both among men and women.

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The Implications of Increased Survivorship for Mortality Variation in Aging Populations

Cited by 87 publications

References 51 publications

The Osteological Paradox 20 Years Later: Past Perspectives, Future Directions

The Osteological Paradox 20 Years Later: Past Perspectives, Future Directions

Decomposing changes in life expectancy: Compression versus shifting mortality

The role of smoking in changes in the survival curve: an empirical study in 10 European countries

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