The impacts of degradation, deforestation and restoration on mangrove ecosystem carbon stocks across Cambodia

Sharma, Sahadev; MacKenzie, Richard A.; Tieng, T.; Kim, Soben; Tulyasuwan, N.; Resanond, A.; Blate, G.; Litton, Creighton M.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135416

Cited by 80 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In addition, wood harvesting practice by coppicing the trees and not followed by excavating soil like in ponds development allows the conservation of soil carbon in generally estuarine landscape. Similar situation was found across Cambodian degraded and deforested mangroves when compared with 25 years old protected stands 18 . For example, examining the same complete profiles, we observed larger carbon densities in protected forests than in harvested sites (Table S3 ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

Mangrove selective logging sustains biomass carbon recovery, soil carbon, and sediment

Murdiyarso

Sasmito

Sillanpää

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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West Papua’s Bintuni Bay is Indonesia’s largest contiguous mangrove block, only second to the world’s largest mangrove in the Sundarbans, Bangladesh. As almost 40% of these mangroves are designated production forest, we assessed the effects of commercial logging on forest structure, biomass recovery, and soil carbon stocks and burial in five-year intervals, up to 25 years post-harvest. Through remote sensing and field surveys, we found that canopy structure and species diversity were gradually enhanced following biomass recovery. Carbon pools preserved in soil were supported by similar rates of carbon burial before and after logging. Our results show that mangrove forest management maintained between 70 and 75% of the total ecosystem carbon stocks, and 15–20% returned to the ecosystem after 15–25 years. This analysis suggests that mangroves managed through selective logging provide an opportunity for coastal nature-based climate solutions, while provisioning other ecosystem services, including wood and wood products.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

Mangrove selective logging sustains biomass carbon recovery, soil carbon, and sediment

Murdiyarso

Sasmito

Sillanpää

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…In Southeast Madagascar, the degradation of mangrove forests resulted in a 25.1% decrease in carbon stock (from 454.9 Mg C ha −1 to 340.9 Mg C ha −1 ) [63]. In Cambodia, compared to great loss (60%) of carbon stock, the degradation from sustainable harvesting of small mangrove trees resulted in almost no loss of carbon stock [66]. In China, the carbon stock of native mangrove forests decreased by 53.1%, from 21.8 Tg C in 1950 to 10.2 Tg C in 2019 ( Figure 5); meanwhile, the area of native mangrove forests only decreased by 48.8%.…”

Section: Rampant Degradation Despite Strict Protection and Increase Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Strict Protection Stop the Decline of Mangrove Ecosystems in China? From Rapid Destruction to Rampant Degradation

Wang

Lee

et al. 2020

Forests

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China has lost about 50% of its mangrove forests from 1950 to 2001. Since 2001, mangrove forest area has increased by 1.8% per year due to strict protection of the remaining mangrove forests and large-scale restoration. By 2019, 67% of the mangrove forests in China had been enclosed within protected areas (PAs). In terms of the proportion of PAs of mangrove forests, China has achieved the conservation target of “Nature Needs Half”. The ongoing degradation of mangrove forests was assessed at the species, population, community and ecosystem levels. The results show that despite the strict protection, the remaining mangrove forests are suffering extensive degradation due to widespread anthropogenic disturbance. Of the 26 mangrove species, 50% are threatened with extinction, a proportion higher than the average for all higher plants in China (10.8%). Local extinction of some common species like Bruguiera gymnorhiza is widespread. About 53% of the existing mangrove areas were dominated by low-intertidal pioneer species. Consequently, the carbon stock in vegetation has decreased by 53.1%, from 21.8 Tg C in the 1950s to 10.2 Tg C in 2019. Meanwhile, there is an estimated 10.8% concomitant decrease in the carbon sequestration rate. The root cause for this degradation in China is seawall construction because most mangroves are outside seawalls in China. Without fundamental changes in protection and restoration strategies, mangrove forests in China will continue to degrade in spite of strict protection and large-scale restoration. Future mangrove conservation effort should aim to preserve the diversity of both the biota and the ecological processes sustaining the mangrove ecosystem. A few suggestions to raise the effectiveness of mangrove conservation actions were provided.

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“…Km [5]. The highest concentration (60%) of global mangrove species (44) are reported from southeast Asia [5,6]. The mangroves of Andaman and Nicobar Islands (ANI's) represent the third-largest cover on the Indian subcontinent next to Gujarat and Sunderbans respectively [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fluvial influx in the landmass subsided zones due to the 2004 tsunami created a conducive environment for mangrove colonization (ecological succession). Hence, the present study aims at understanding the secondary ecological succession of mangrove in Tsunami Created Wetlands (TCWs) of South Andaman so that it would help in initiating anthropogenically induced massive restoration and rehabilitation of it in the future [6,28,[43][44][45][46][47].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary Ecological Succession of Mangrove in the 2004 Tsunami Created Wetlands of South Andaman, India

Shankar¹,

Purti²,

Singh³

et al. 2020

Mangrove Ecosystem Restoration [Working Title]

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Andaman and Nicobar Islands (ANI’s) being situated in the Tropical zone is the cradle of multi-disasters viz., cyclones, floods, droughts, land degradation, runoff, soil erosion, shallow landslides, epidemics, earthquakes, volcanism, tsunami and storm surges. Mangroves are one of the first visible reciprocators above land and sea surface to cyclonic storms, storm surges, and tsunamis among the coastal wetlands. The Indian Ocean 2004 tsunami was denoted as one of the most catastrophic ever recorded in humankind’s recent history. A mega-earthquake of Magnitude (9.3) near Indonesia ruptured the Andaman-Sunda plate triggered this tsunami. Physical fury, subsidence, upliftment, and prolonged water logging resulted in the massive loss of mangrove vegetation. A decade and half years after the 2004 tsunami, a study was initiated to assess the secondary ecological succession of mangrove in Tsunami Created Wetlands (TCWs) of south Andaman using Landsat satellite data products. Since natural ecological succession is a rather slow process and demands isotope techniques to establish a sequence of events succession. However, secondary ecological succession occurs in a short frame of time after any catastrophic event like a tsunami exemplifying nature’s resilience. Band-5 (before tsunami, 2003) and Band-6 (after tsunami, 2018) of Landsat 7 and Landsat-8 satellite respectively were harnessed to delineate mangrove patches and TCWs in the focus area using ArcMap 10.5, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software. From the study, it was understood that Fimbrisstylis littoralis is the pioneering key-stone plant followed by Acrostichum aureum and Acanthus ilicifolius facilitating Avicennia spp/Rhizopara spp for ecological succession in the TCWs.

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The impacts of degradation, deforestation and restoration on mangrove ecosystem carbon stocks across Cambodia

Cited by 80 publications

References 53 publications

Mangrove selective logging sustains biomass carbon recovery, soil carbon, and sediment

Mangrove selective logging sustains biomass carbon recovery, soil carbon, and sediment

Can Strict Protection Stop the Decline of Mangrove Ecosystems in China? From Rapid Destruction to Rampant Degradation

Secondary Ecological Succession of Mangrove in the 2004 Tsunami Created Wetlands of South Andaman, India

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