The impacts of combustion emissions on air quality and climate – From coal to biofuels and beyond

Gaffney, J. S.; Marley, N. A.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.09.016

Cited by 296 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…Tai (Fig. 8) can be explained by more vehicle exhausts in the east coastal region, which contain more EC and less SO 2 compared to coal burning emissions (Gaffney and Marley, 2009;Wang et al, 2007;Xie et al, 2010). Sulfate strongly reflects solar radiation, whereas EC strongly absorbs solar radiation.…”

Section: Non-dust Storm Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of atmospheric aerosols at Mt. Hua and Mt. Tai in central and east China during spring 2009 – Part 1: EC, OC and inorganic ions

Wang

Cheng

et al. 2011

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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4 at Mt. Tai may suggest the changes in chemical composition of the atmosphere over east China due to sharply increasing vehicle emission. pH values of the water-extracts of PM 10 samples indicate that at the two mountain sites aerosols transported from the south regions are more acidic than those from the north and more acidic at Mt. Tai than at Mt. Hua during the non-dust storm period. During the dust storm event particle mass, OC, Na + , K + , Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ at both sites increased by a factor of 1-9, while EC, NO Linear regression for ion equivalents in fine particles indicates that ammonium exists in the forms of NH 4 NO 3 and NH 4 HSO 4 at Mt. Hua and NH 4 NO 3 and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 at Mt. Tai during both the nonevent and the event periods. While the regression for coarse mode of Ca 2+ suggests a close coupling of dust with nitrate during the nonevent time and with sulfate during the dust-storm period. pH values of the sizeresolved samples further suggest that during the nonevent period most acidic particles at Mt. Hua are in the range of 0.7-1.1 µm, while those at Mt. Tai are in the range of 1.1-2.1 µm. Aerosols at both sites became alkaline during the event, but the Mt. Tai particles still showed a lower pH value.

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Section: Non-dust Storm Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of atmospheric aerosols at Mt. Hua and Mt. Tai in central and east China during spring 2009 – Part 1: EC, OC and inorganic ions

Wang

Cheng

et al. 2011

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…However, increasing environmental concentrations of platinum group elements (Pt, Pd, Rh) from catalytic converters has been reported worldwide. Emissions from coal burning power plants are a potential source for As, Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni while local ceramic and metal-processing facilities could emit a wide variety of trace metals and metalloids [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of Selected Metals in Ambient Air PM10 in an Urban Site of Győr, Hungary

2014

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The aim of this study was to assess the ambient concentrations of some selected trace metals (Pb, Cd and Ni) and the metalloid As in the PM10 aerosol fraction in an urban site of Győr, Hungary in 2011. The results show that the study area has excellent air quality with respect to metal(loid)s during the four sampling periods. However, the annual average concentration of PM10 indicates a polluted area. The PM10 concentrations were higher in heating season than in summer time. The levels of PM10 and trace elements determined were compared with other cities located in Hungary and around the world.

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“…The nature of the combustion byproducts is influenced by the fuel and the conditions under which it is burned. Many studies have linked combustion emissions to acute environmental and health effects [11][12][13] . For example, combustiongenerated particles have a strong influence on the air quality, atmospheric visibility, and the radiative balance of the Earth's atmosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame Experiments at the Advanced Light Source: New Insights into Soot Formation Processes

Hansen¹,

Skeen²,

Michelsen³

et al. 2014

JoVE

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The following experimental protocols and the accompanying video are concerned with the flame experiments that are performed at the Chemical Dynamics Beamline of the Advanced Light Source (ALS) of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [1][2][3][4] . This video demonstrates how the complex chemical structures of laboratory-based model flames are analyzed using flame-sampling mass spectrometry with tunable synchrotrongenerated vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) radiation. This experimental approach combines isomer-resolving capabilities with high sensitivity and a large dynamic range 5,6 . The first part of the video describes experiments involving burner-stabilized, reduced-pressure (20-80 mbar) laminar premixed flames. A small hydrocarbon fuel was used for the selected flame to demonstrate the general experimental approach. It is shown how species' profiles are acquired as a function of distance from the burner surface and how the tunability of the VUV photon energy is used advantageously to identify many combustion intermediates based on their ionization energies. For example, this technique has been used to study gas-phase aspects of the soot-formation processes, and the video shows how the resonance-stabilized radicals, such as C 3 H 3 , C 3 H 5 , and i-C 4 H 5 , are identified as important intermediates 7 . The work has been focused on soot formation processes, and, from the chemical point of view, this process is very intriguing because chemical structures containing millions of carbon atoms are assembled from a fuel molecule possessing only a few carbon atoms in just milliseconds. The second part of the video highlights a new experiment, in which an opposed-flow diffusion flame and synchrotron-based aerosol mass spectrometry are used to study the chemical composition of the combustion-generated soot particles 4 . The experimental results indicate that the widely accepted H-abstraction-C 2 H 2 -addition (HACA) mechanism is not the sole molecular growth process responsible for the formation of the observed large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).

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The impacts of combustion emissions on air quality and climate – From coal to biofuels and beyond

Cited by 296 publications

References 100 publications

Observation of atmospheric aerosols at Mt. Hua and Mt. Tai in central and east China during spring 2009 – Part 1: EC, OC and inorganic ions

Observation of atmospheric aerosols at Mt. Hua and Mt. Tai in central and east China during spring 2009 – Part 1: EC, OC and inorganic ions

Levels of Selected Metals in Ambient Air PM10 in an Urban Site of Győr, Hungary

Flame Experiments at the Advanced Light Source: New Insights into Soot Formation Processes

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