The impact of wheat market liberalization on the seed industry’s innovative capacity: an assessment of Brazil’s experience

Flister, Larissa; Galushko, Viktoriya

doi:10.1186/s40100-016-0055-8

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Activities conducted in agricultural industry can be divided into two different sectors: agricultural and livestock sectors. The first sector has high economic importance in terms of sustainability and trade balance between consumer and producer countries [3][4][5]. To attend the internal demand and exportation needs, producer countries invest in measures that enhance productivity by reducing losses associated with diseases and pests that affect crop production [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using BiVO4/CuO-Based Photoelectrocatalyzer for 4-Nitrophenol Degradation

et al. 2020

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The present work reports the degradation of 4-nitrophenol using BiVO4/CuO hybrid material synthesized by the precipitation of BiVO4 in the presence of CuO. Morphological and structural characterizations were performed using X-ray diffraction and scanning electronic microscopy coupled to energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Through the calculation of the Kubelka–Munk function applied to diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry data, the hybrid material presented absorption edge of 1.85 eV. The formation of p-n heterojunction between BiVO4 and CuO renders the hybrid material suitable for the construction of a photoanode employed in hydroxyl radical generation. UV–vis spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography experiments were performed in order to monitor the degradation of 4-nitrophenol and the formation of secondary products. Additional information regarding the hybrid material was obtained through ion chromatography and total organic carbon analyses. The application of BiVO4/CuO-based photocatalyzer led to a 50.2% decrease in total organic carbon after the degradation of 4-nitrophenol. Based on the results obtained in the study, BiVO4/CuO has proved to be a promising material suitable for the removal of recalcitrant compounds in water treatment plants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using BiVO4/CuO-Based Photoelectrocatalyzer for 4-Nitrophenol Degradation

et al. 2020

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“…The findings also point to the stimulation of the private sector investments by stronger IPRs systems in the country. As indicated in the review above, evidence from other countries such as India and Brazil demonstrate that private sector investments were stimulated by strengthened IPRs systems [19,20].…”

Section: Correlation Analyses Of Wheat Productivity Number Of Varietmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Pray and Nagarajan [19] found that in India, strengthened IPRs allowing innovators to patent their innovation positively impacted on private agricultural research. Flister and Galushko [20] argue that introduction of the PVP Law in Brazil stimulated private investments in wheat R&D and the establishment of a strong private wheat breeding sector. These results indicate that strengthening IPRs systems would contribute to stimulating private sector investments in agricultural R&D.…”

Section: Review Of Empirical Studies On the Relationship Between Iprsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This might point to the fact that PBRs alone do not have a very strong influence on the decisions made to invest more in wheat varietal improvements. For example, for private firms, the seed royalties are insufficient in conducting basin research and experiences in Brazil, indicating that the private sector directed their investments to more profitable ventures like applied research and the development of new cultivars [20]. This means stimulating investments in wheat varietal improvements in South Africa should go beyond strengthening IPRs systems.…”

Section: Correlation Analyses Of Wheat Productivity Number Of Varietmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Plant Breeders’ Rights on Wheat Productivity and Varietal Improvement in South African Agriculture

2019

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The strengthening of the intellectual property rights (IPRs) for plant varieties provide incentives for breeding companies to invest more resources in plant breeding. The main objective of this paper was to analyze the effects of strengthening the wheat variety intellectual protection on wheat productivity and the release of new varieties. The strength of IPR systems was measured using an intellectual property (IP) protection index, and plant breeders’ rights (PBRs) granted for wheat varieties. The empirical analyses were based on correlation and multiple regression analyses. The results showed that strengthening IPR systems in South Africa contribute to improving wheat productivity and increasing the number of wheat varieties released. Furthermore, although the robust coefficients of the other IPR variables are positive, they are statistically insignificant for all scenarios. There is a need for more incentives beyond granting PBRs and strengthening of IPR systems to be provided in the whole wheat sector to stimulate increased investments and the release of new varieties.

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“…Numerous studies have been conducted on the beneficial effects of Si against Cd toxicity in rice (Detmann et al 2012) and maize (Lukačová et al 2013). But the role of Si in wheat and durum wheat against Cd has rarely been tested, regardless of the statistic that wheat is the most broadly cultivated cereal crop in the world after rice and provides 20% of the daily protein for 4.5 billion people (Flister and Galushko 2016). That is why Si influx transporters have been recognized in rice (Zhao et al 2010) and maize (Bokor et al 2017) but not yet in wheat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon and Its Application Methods Improve Physiological Traits and Antioxidants in Triticum aestivum (L.) Under Cadmium Stress

Rahman

Xiao

et al. 2020

J Soil Sci Plant Nutr

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Plants are exposed to various abiotic stressors in agricultural systems, especially cadmium (Cd) stress, which hinders plant growth and development. The current study was conducted to assess the protective role of silicon (Si) application in two methods and to identify the optimum method of Si application for wheat plants grown hydroponically under the same levels of Cd stress. For this purpose, we used two different silicon (Si; 1 mmol L −1 Na 2 SiO 3) application methods (i.e., root application and foliar spray) on growth, chlorophyll contents, cell membrane injury contents, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, and membrane permeability contents of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) against four levels of cadmium (Cd), normal, 50 μmol L −1 , 100 μmol L −1 , and 200 μmol L −1 , in 2-repeated greenhouse experiments. Results showed that Cd stress markedly affects growth, chlorophyll contents, and physiological traits and boosted up anti-oxidative defense system activity, osmoprotectants, and Cd contents. However, Si application as foliar or root induced reversibility of Cd toxic effects by significantly increasing growth, chlorophyll contents, membrane stability index, and Si contents and significantly reducing membrane injury contents measured as electrolytic leakage (EL) contents, lipid peroxidation measured as malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, and osmotic pressure measured as hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) contents and increased in enzymatic and non-enzymatic anti-oxidative defense system's activity. Being an effective beneficial element, Si with the preference of root application improved leaf area, plant biomass, membrane characteristic, photosynthetic rate, and anti-oxidative defense system of wheat plants by alleviating Cd toxicity.

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The impact of wheat market liberalization on the seed industry’s innovative capacity: an assessment of Brazil’s experience

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

Using BiVO4/CuO-Based Photoelectrocatalyzer for 4-Nitrophenol Degradation

Using BiVO4/CuO-Based Photoelectrocatalyzer for 4-Nitrophenol Degradation

The Effects of Plant Breeders’ Rights on Wheat Productivity and Varietal Improvement in South African Agriculture

Silicon and Its Application Methods Improve Physiological Traits and Antioxidants in Triticum aestivum (L.) Under Cadmium Stress

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