The Impact of Smoking on Thromboembolism and Mortality in Patients With Incident Atrial Fibrillation

2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS

“…cukrzyca i otyłość [168]), czynników związanych ze stylem życia (np. poziom aktywności, palenie tytoniu, spożycie alkoholu [169,170]), wskaźników strukturalnej przebudowy serca (np. włóknienie [171][172][173] lub elektrokardiograficzne parametry złożoności AF [174]) bądź podłoża genetycznego.…”

2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS

“…diabetes and obesity 168 ), lifestyle factors (e.g. activity level, smoking, alcohol intake 169,170 ), markers of cardiac structural remodelling (e.g. fibrosis 171 -173 or electrocardiographic parameters of AF complexity 174 ), or genetic background.…”

European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA)/European Association of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (EACPR) position paper on how to prevent atrial fibrillation endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) and Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS)

“…Other potentially modifiable risk factors such as obesity, smoking, and alcohol excess have been related to an increased risk of stroke and mortality, 33,315,316 although intervention studies to show how these would successfully decrease the risk of stroke in AF are lacking. Data from cohort studies very recently indicated that weight reduction and improvement in physical fitness may reduce the recurrence of AF.…”