This paper examines whether conditional skewness of returns at the market level is predictable and investigates the economic mechanisms underlying this predictability. We analyze aggregate market returns in 57 countries. Lagged onemonth returns predict conditional skewness of daily returns during the following month. Returns are more negatively skewed following an increase in stock prices and returns are more positively skewed following a decrease in stock prices. This relation between skewness and lagged returns is economically and statistically strong across both developed and emerging countries. We are able to distinguish different theories by testing positive lagged return and negative lagged returns predictability of skewness and volatility separately and testing predictability of adjusted-trend turnover interaction with short-sale constraint data from Charoenrook and Daouk (2003). The evidence shows that the traditional explanations of skewness such as the leverage effect, the volatility feedback effect, the stock bubble model (Blanchard and Watson, 1982), and the fluctuating uncertainty theory (Veronesi, 1999) exist in the data but are not the only economic mechanisms driving the asymmetry in stock returns. We find no evidence of Hong and Stein (2003). Our results are consistent with Coval, Coval and Hirshleifer (2002). Our findings have implications for future theoretical and empirical models of time-varying market return distributions, optimal asset allocation, and risk management. 97 asset returns. They find incorporating higher order moments in portfolio selection increases expected utility. Furthermore, accurate prediction of the conditional return distribution, especially at the higher moments, significantly improves the valuation of contingent claims and the effectiveness of risk management. iii Thus, investigating asymmetry in stock return distributions, its predictability, and what causes it, is important for multiple facets of finance.Some theories posit that conditional skewness may be predictable by lagged returns and trend-adjusted turnover. At the firm level, there is some empirical evidence of this predictability. Harvey and Siddique (2000) document that skewness varies among portfolios of different size and book-to-market levels. Chen, Hong, and, Stein (2001) (hence forth CHS) report that trendadjusted turnover and lagged returns predict skewness of daily returns of individual stocks in the US stock market. Langlois (2013) use lagged trend-adjusted turnover, lagged return, and other firm-specific variables to predict expected skewness of individual stock returns. At the market level, Harvey and Siddique (1999) document time-variation in conditional skewness. Bali, Mo, and Tang (2008) use models that allow for time-varying skewness to better fit returns for risk management. Lai (2012) uses the S u -normal distribution to model the dynamic behavior in of skewness of ten international aggregate stock indices. The study finds negative return shock skews the time-varying distribution to the righ...