The Impact of Removing the Immigration Ban on HIV-Infected Persons

Winston, Susanna E.; Beckwith, Curt G.

doi:10.1089/apc.2011.0121

Cited by 27 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…24 Removal of the law may inadvertently serve as a barrier to HIV testing and lead to late diagnosis, particularly for recent immigrants. 33 In light of this policy change, understanding barriers to HIV testing and developing appropriate interventions are critical to ensuring that immigrants living with HIV are tested and engage in care in a timely manner. This study focused on the experiences of Black immigrants because the access challenges experienced by this high-risk group have not received attention in research studies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers to HIV Testing in Black Immigrants to the U.S.

Ojikutu¹,

Nnaji²,

Sithole-Berk³

et al. 2014

hpu

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Background Late HIV testing is common among immigrants from sub Saharan Africa and the Caribbean. Since 2010, HIV testing is no longer a required component of immigrant screening examinations or mandatory for immigrants seeking long term residence in the US. Thus, barriers to HIV testing must be addressed. Methods Five hundred and fifty-five (555) immigrants completed a barriers-to-HIV testing scale. Univariate and multivariate linear regression were performed to examine predictors of barriers. Results In multivariate analysis, primary language other than English (β=2.9, p=.04), lower education (β=5.8, p=.03), low income [= below $20K/year] (β=4.6, p=.01), no regular provider (β=5.2, p=.002) and recent immigration (β=5.7, p=.0008) were independently associated with greater barriers. Barriers due to health care access, privacy, fatalism, and anticipated stigma were greater for recent versus longer term immigrants. Discussion Immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa and the Caribbean face significant barriers to HIV testing. Interventions to improve access and timely entry into care are needed.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers to HIV Testing in Black Immigrants to the U.S.

Ojikutu¹,

Nnaji²,

Sithole-Berk³

et al. 2014

hpu

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“…It also promotes reunification for HIV-positive individuals who are separated from their families. 25 However, the absence of this mandate will likely significantly impact the testing patterns of immigrant populations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

All Black People Are Not Alike: Differences in HIV Testing Patterns, Knowledge, and Experience of Stigma Between U.S.-Born and Non–U.S.-Born Blacks in Massachusetts

Ojikutu

Nnaji²,

Sithole

et al. 2013

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

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Non-U.S.-born black individuals comprise a significant proportion of the new diagnoses of HIV in the United States. Concurrent diagnosis (obtaining an AIDS diagnosis in close proximity to an initial diagnosis of HIV) is common in this subpopulation. Although efforts have been undertaken to increase HIV testing among African Americans, little is known about testing patterns among non-U.S.-born black people. A cross-sectional survey was self-administered by 1060 black individuals in Massachusetts (57% non-U.S.-born) to assess self-reported rates of HIV testing, risk factors, and potential barriers to testing, including stigma, knowledge, immigration status, and access to health care. Bivariate analysis comparing responses by birthplace and multivariate logistic regression assessing correlates of recent testing were completed. Non-U.S.-born individuals were less likely to report recent testing than U.S.-born (41.9% versus 55.6%, p < 0.0001). Of those who recently tested, the majority did so for immigration purposes, not because of perceived risk. Stigma was significantly higher and knowledge lower among non-U.S.-born individuals. In multivariate analysis, greater length of time since immigration was a significant predictor of nontesting among non-U.S.-born (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.36-0.87). Poor health care access and older age were correlated to nontesting in both U.S.-and non-U.S.-born individuals. Our findings indicate that differences in HIV testing patterns exist by nativity. Efforts addressing unique factors limiting testing in non-U.S.-born black individuals are warranted.

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“…They also found that over 50% of foreign-born Blacks reported that their most recent HIV test was part of an immigration requirement. The HIV testing requirement for immigrants was lifted in 2010 and has likely impacted testing patterns among immigrants (Winston & Beckwith, 2011). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial/ethnic disparities in delayed HIV diagnosis among men who have sex with men, Florida, 2000–2014

et al. 2016

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Only about 85% of men who have sex with men (MSM) with HIV have been tested for and diagnosed with HIV. Racial/ethnic disparities in HIV risk and HIV care outcomes exist within MSM. We examined racial/ethnic disparities in delayed HIV diagnosis MSM. Males aged ≥13 reported to the Florida Enhanced HIV/AIDS Reporting System 2000–2014 with a reported HIV transmission mode of MSM were analyzed. We defined delayed HIV diagnosis as an AIDS diagnosis within three months of the HIV diagnosis. Multilevel logistic regressions were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR). Of 39,301 MSM, 27% were diagnosed late. After controlling for individual factors, neighborhood socioeconomic status, and rural-urban residence, non-Latino Black MSM had higher odds of delayed diagnosis compared with non-Latino White MSM (aOR 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–1.23). Foreign birth compared with US birth was a risk factor for Black MSM (aOR 1.27, 95% CI 1.12–1.44), but a protective factor for White MSM (aOR 0.77, 95% CI 0.68–0.87). Rural residence was a risk for Black MSM (aOR 1.79, 95% CI 1.36–2.35) and Latino MSM (aOR 1.87, 95% CI 1.24–2.84), but not for White MSM (aOR 1.26, 95% CI 0.99–1.60). HIV testing barriers particularly affect non-Latino Black MSM. Social and/or structural barriers to testing in rural communities may be significantly contributing to delayed HIV diagnosis among minority MSM.

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The Impact of Removing the Immigration Ban on HIV-Infected Persons

Cited by 27 publications

References 6 publications

Barriers to HIV Testing in Black Immigrants to the U.S.

Barriers to HIV Testing in Black Immigrants to the U.S.

All Black People Are Not Alike: Differences in HIV Testing Patterns, Knowledge, and Experience of Stigma Between U.S.-Born and Non–U.S.-Born Blacks in Massachusetts

Racial/ethnic disparities in delayed HIV diagnosis among men who have sex with men, Florida, 2000–2014

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