The impact of re-ordering the conventional chemical steps on the production and characterization of natural chitosan from biowaste of Black Tiger Shrimp, Penaeus monodon

Iber, Benedict Terkula; Torsabo, Donald; Chik, Che Engku Noramalina Che Engku; Wahab, Fachrul; Abdullah, Siti Rozaimah Sheikh; Hassan, Hassimi Abu; Kasan, Nor Azman

doi:10.1016/j.seares.2022.102306

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Though, chitosan products obtained via biological process have a low molecular weight which is considered less useful in most industrial process applications due to their characteristic low mechanical properties when compared to the finished products via chemical extraction methods that are efficiently applicable industrially. 41,59 Considering the differing pros and cons of these extraction methods, the choice of the methods is based on the area of application. 47,69 Despite that, the enzymaticbiological chitin extraction technique is characterized by feeble reaction steps, and the operational cost is much higher than that of the chemical method, due to the enzymes required for deproteinization and demineralization reactions.…”

Section: Comparisons Between the Chemical And Biological Methods Of C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the chemical extraction method is more efficient than the enzymatic biological process. 59,67 Though, fermentation process as one of the biological problems as the residual protein content remains unreacted and the degree of DDA is generally established to be very low. 70 Weighing the pros and cons in all cases, the chemical extraction method is rated the better extraction technique over the biological method.…”

Section: Comparisons Between the Chemical And Biological Methods Of C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the limiting factors often encountered in enzymatic biological processes is the high cost of deproteinization enzymes. 55,57,59 Fermentation techniques are of two types; lactic acid and non-lactic acid fermentation extraction methods. This sub-division is based on the microbial strains secreted.…”

Section: Methods Of Chitosan Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The biological process of converting raw materials into chitin is a preferred extraction technique to that chemical method because it is characterized by extremely huge numbers of chemical reagents required, which subsequently will result in large effluent generation from the processes and the effects can reduce the quality of the final product. 59 Also, in terms of the purity of the final product, the biological method has been established to be more decisive when compared to the chemical method. Though, chitosan products obtained via biological process have a low molecular weight which is considered less useful in most industrial process applications due to their characteristic low mechanical properties when compared to the finished products via chemical extraction methods that are efficiently applicable industrially.…”

Section: Methods Of Chitosan Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methods Of Chitosan Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis and characterization of chitosan for medical applications: A review

Isa,

Abdulkarim,

Bello

et al. 2024

J Biomater Appl

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Chitosan has gained considerable recognition within the field of medical applications due to its exceptional biocompatibility and diverse range of properties. Nevertheless, prior reviews have primarily focused on its applications, offering limited insights into its source materials. Hence, there arises a compelling need for a comprehensive review that encompasses the entire chitin and chitosan life cycle: from the source of chitin and chitosan, extraction methods, and specific medical applications, to the various techniques employed in evaluating chitosan’s properties. This all-encompassing review delves into the critical aspects of chitin and chitosan extraction, with a strong emphasis on the utilization of natural raw materials. It elucidates the various sources of these raw materials, highlighting their abundance and accessibility. Furthermore, a meticulous examination of extraction methods reveals the prevalent use of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the demineralization process, alongside citric, formic, and phosphoric acids. Based on current review information, these acids constitute a substantial 69.2% of utilization, surpassing other mentioned acids. Of notable importance, the review underscores the essential parameters for medical-grade chitosan. It advocates for a degree of deacetylation (DDA) falling within the range of 85%–95%, minimal protein content <1%, ash content <2%, and moisture content <10%. In conclusion, these crucial factors contribute to the understanding of Chitosan’s production for medical applications, paving the way for advancements in biomedical research and development.

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Section: Comparisons Between the Chemical And Biological Methods Of C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparisons Between the Chemical And Biological Methods Of C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methods Of Chitosan Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methods Of Chitosan Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methods Of Chitosan Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Synthesis and characterization of chitosan for medical applications: A review

Isa,

Abdulkarim,

Bello

et al. 2024

J Biomater Appl

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Waste-to-resource: Extraction and transformation of aquatic biomaterials for regenerative medicine

Cao,

Zeng,

Yuan

et al. 2025

Biomaterials Advances

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Advances in extraction, utilization, and development of chitin/chitosan and its derivatives from shrimp shell waste

Gao,

Tang,

Zhu

2024

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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Shrimp consumption is in great demand among the seafood used globally. However, this expansion has resulted in the substantial generation and disposal of shrimp shell waste. Through literature search, it has been observed that since 2020, global scholars have shown unprecedented interest in shrimp shell waste and its chitin/chitosan. However, these new insights lack corresponding and comprehensive summarization and analysis. Therefore, this article provides a detailed review of the extraction methods, applications, and the latest research developments on chitin/chitosan from shrimp shells, including micro‐nano derivatives, from 2020 to the present. The results indicate that chemical extraction remains the primary technique for the extraction and preparation of chitin/chitosan from shrimp shells. With further refinement and development, adjusting parameters in the chemical extraction process or employing auxiliary techniques such as microwave and radiation enable the customization of target products with different characteristics (e.g., deacetylation degree, molecular weight, and degree of acetylation) according to specific needs. Additionally, in pursuit of environmentally friendly, efficient, and gentle extraction processes, recent research has shifted toward microbial fermentation and green solvent methods for chitin/chitosan extraction. Beyond the traditional antibacterial, film‐forming, and encapsulation functionalities, research into the applications of chitosan in biomedical, food processing, new materials, water treatment, and adsorption fields is gradually deepening. Chitin/chitosan derivatives and their modified products have also been a focal point of research in recent years. However, with the rapid expansion, the future development of chitin/chitosan and its derivatives still faces challenges related to the unclear mechanism of action and the complexities associated with industrial scale‐up.

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The impact of re-ordering the conventional chemical steps on the production and characterization of natural chitosan from biowaste of Black Tiger Shrimp, Penaeus monodon

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

Synthesis and characterization of chitosan for medical applications: A review

Synthesis and characterization of chitosan for medical applications: A review

Waste-to-resource: Extraction and transformation of aquatic biomaterials for regenerative medicine

Advances in extraction, utilization, and development of chitin/chitosan and its derivatives from shrimp shell waste

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