The Impact of Environmental Chemicals on the Gut Microbiome

Chiu, Karen; Warner, Genoa R.; Nowak, Romana A.; Flaws, Jodi A.; Mei, Wenyan

doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfaa065

Cited by 127 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…It is now increasingly recognized that these commensal microbiota also contribute to the host immune defense, for example, by providing resistance against invading pathogens and by training and stimulation of the host immune system, as reviewed by [ 73 , 115 , 116 ]. Owing to these critical functions provided by intestinal microbiota, their disruption (dysbiosis) by, for example, a dietary change or a chemical exposure may adversely affect the health of the host [ 117 , 118 , 119 ] and in humans is associated to numerous diseases including obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, and diabetes [ 120 ]. Given the central role that microbiota play in host immunity and host health, there is a need to incorporate commensal microbiota in the health risk assessment of NP applications, both from a biomedical standpoint, and in the context of occupational, consumptive, or inadvertent NP exposure [ 121 ].…”

Section: The Long-term Effects Of Np Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Nanoparticles on Innate Immune Activation by Live Bacteria

Swartzwelter

Fux

Johnson

et al. 2020

IJMS

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The innate immune system evolved to detect and react against potential dangers such as bacteria, viruses, and environmental particles. The advent of modern technology has exposed innate immune cells, such as monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, to a relatively novel type of particulate matter, i.e., engineered nanoparticles. Nanoparticles are not inherently pathogenic, and yet cases have been described in which specific nanoparticle types can either induce innate/inflammatory responses or modulate the activity of activated innate cells. Many of these studies rely upon activation by agonists of toll-like receptors, such as lipopolysaccharide or peptidoglycan, instead of the more realistic stimulation by whole live organisms. In this review we examine and discuss the effects of nanoparticles on innate immune cells activated by live bacteria. We focus in particular on how nanoparticles may interfere with bacterial processes in the context of innate activation, and confine our scope to the effects due to particles themselves, rather than to molecules adsorbed on the particle surface. Finally, we examine the long-lasting consequences of coexposure to nanoparticles and bacteria, in terms of potential microbiome alterations and innate immune memory, and address nanoparticle-based vaccine strategies against bacterial infection.

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Section: The Long-term Effects Of Np Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Nanoparticles on Innate Immune Activation by Live Bacteria

Swartzwelter

Fux

Johnson

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…On the other hand, Western and poor diets have showed an “antibiotic effect” on GM, thanks to lack of fibers, food additives, plastics residues, etc. [ 181 , 182 ], and for this reason, we are observing a disappearance of good microbial species [ 183 ], which, in turn, causes modern diseases.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet-Derived Antioxidants and Their Role in Inflammation, Obesity and Gut Microbiota Modulation

et al. 2021

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It is generally accepted that gut microbiota, inflammation and obesity are linked to the development of cardiovascular diseases and other chronic/non-communicable pathological conditions, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and ageing-related disorders. In this scenario, oxidative stress plays a pivotal role. Evidence suggests that the global dietary patterns may represent a tool in counteracting oxidative stress, thus preventing the onset of diseases related to oxidative stress. More specifically, dietary patterns based on the regular consumption of fruits and vegetables (i.e., Mediterranean diet) have been licensed by various national nutritional guidelines in many countries for their health-promoting effects. Such patterns, indeed, result in being rich in specific components, such as fiber, minerals, vitamins and antioxidants, whose beneficial effects on human health have been widely reported. This suggests a potential nutraceutical power of specific dietary components. In this manuscript, we summarize the most relevant evidence reporting the impact of dietary antioxidants on gut microbiota composition, inflammation and obesity, and we underline that antioxidants are implicated in a complex interplay between gut microbiota, inflammation and obesity, thus suggesting their possible role in the development and modulation of chronic diseases related to oxidative stress and in the maintenance of wellness. Do all roads lead to Rome?

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“…Environmental chemicals strongly influence microbiota communities with implications to human health ( 8 , 36 ). In a study of the impact of confined swine farm environments on gut microbiome and resistome of veterinary students, it has been found that farm exposure shapes the gut microbiome of these students, with enrichment of potentially pathogenic taxa and antimicrobial resistance genes ( 37 ).…”

Section: Microbiota Interactions With Enviromental Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interactions of xenobiotic and host active substances with gut microbiota play key roles in human health, diseases and physiological responsiveness to various cues and treatments ( 1–3 ). Broad variety of xenobiotics such as dietary components ( 4 ), pharmaceuticals ( 2 , 5 , 6 ), herbal products ( 7 ) and environmental chemicals ( 8 , 9 ) are modified by microbiota with altered bioavailabilities, bioactivities and toxic effects in the host. Some of these xenobiotics can also alter microbiota to affect their functions and communications with the host ( 8 , 10 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Broad variety of xenobiotics such as dietary components ( 4 ), pharmaceuticals ( 2 , 5 , 6 ), herbal products ( 7 ) and environmental chemicals ( 8 , 9 ) are modified by microbiota with altered bioavailabilities, bioactivities and toxic effects in the host. Some of these xenobiotics can also alter microbiota to affect their functions and communications with the host ( 8 , 10 ). Probiotics have been used for altering the composition of the gut microbiome and introducing beneficial effects to gut microbial communities ( 11 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MASI: microbiota—active substance interactions database

Zeng

Yang

Fan

et al. 2020

Nucleic Acids Research

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Xenobiotic and host active substances interact with gut microbiota to influence human health and therapeutics. Dietary, pharmaceutical, herbal and environmental substances are modified by microbiota with altered bioavailabilities, bioactivities and toxic effects. Xenobiotics also affect microbiota with health implications. Knowledge of these microbiota and active substance interactions is important for understanding microbiota-regulated functions and therapeutics. Established microbiota databases provide useful information about the microbiota-disease associations, diet and drug interventions, and microbiota modulation of drugs. However, there is insufficient information on the active substances modified by microbiota and the abundance of gut bacteria in humans. Only ∼7% drugs are covered by the established databases. To complement these databases, we developed MASI, Microbiota—Active Substance Interactions database, for providing the information about the microbiota alteration of various substances, substance alteration of microbiota, and the abundance of gut bacteria in humans. These include 1,051 pharmaceutical, 103 dietary, 119 herbal, 46 probiotic, 142 environmental substances interacting with 806 microbiota species linked to 56 diseases and 784 microbiota–disease associations. MASI covers 11 215 bacteria-pharmaceutical, 914 bacteria-herbal, 309 bacteria-dietary, 753 bacteria-environmental substance interactions and the abundance profiles of 259 bacteria species in 3465 patients and 5334 healthy individuals. MASI is freely accessible at http://www.aiddlab.com/MASI.

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The Impact of Environmental Chemicals on the Gut Microbiome

Cited by 127 publications

References 152 publications

The Impact of Nanoparticles on Innate Immune Activation by Live Bacteria

The Impact of Nanoparticles on Innate Immune Activation by Live Bacteria

Diet-Derived Antioxidants and Their Role in Inflammation, Obesity and Gut Microbiota Modulation

MASI: microbiota—active substance interactions database

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