The impact of cigarette smoking on life expectancy between 1980 and 2010: a global perspective

Rentería, Elisenda; Jha, Prabhat; Forman, David; Soerjomataram, Isabelle

doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052265

Cited by 51 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Previous GBD studies31, 32 have assessed the contribution of smoking to overall disease burden through the comparative risk assessment framework developed by Murray and Lopez 33 . Recent studies have quantified the global effects of tobacco on achieving NCD mortality targets 34 and life expectancy, 35 while several assessed smoking-attributable mortality and non-fatal health outcomes for specific locations 36, 37…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking prevalence and attributable disease burden in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Reitsma¹,

Fullman²,

Ng³

et al. 2017

The Lancet

1,354

720

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SummaryBackgroundThe scale-up of tobacco control, especially after the adoption of the Framework Convention for Tobacco Control, is a major public health success story. Nonetheless, smoking remains a leading risk for early death and disability worldwide, and therefore continues to require sustained political commitment. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) offers a robust platform through which global, regional, and national progress toward achieving smoking-related targets can be assessed.MethodsWe synthesised 2818 data sources with spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression and produced estimates of daily smoking prevalence by sex, age group, and year for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. We analysed 38 risk-outcome pairs to generate estimates of smoking-attributable mortality and disease burden, as measured by disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). We then performed a cohort analysis of smoking prevalence by birth-year cohort to better understand temporal age patterns in smoking. We also did a decomposition analysis, in which we parsed out changes in all-cause smoking-attributable DALYs due to changes in population growth, population ageing, smoking prevalence, and risk-deleted DALY rates. Finally, we explored results by level of development using the Socio-demographic Index (SDI).FindingsWorldwide, the age-standardised prevalence of daily smoking was 25·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 24·2–25·7) for men and 5·4% (5·1–5·7) for women, representing 28·4% (25·8–31·1) and 34·4% (29·4–38·6) reductions, respectively, since 1990. A greater percentage of countries and territories achieved significant annualised rates of decline in smoking prevalence from 1990 to 2005 than in between 2005 and 2015; however, only four countries had significant annualised increases in smoking prevalence between 2005 and 2015 (Congo [Brazzaville] and Azerbaijan for men and Kuwait and Timor-Leste for women). In 2015, 11·5% of global deaths (6·4 million [95% UI 5·7–7·0 million]) were attributable to smoking worldwide, of which 52·2% took place in four countries (China, India, the USA, and Russia). Smoking was ranked among the five leading risk factors by DALYs in 109 countries and territories in 2015, rising from 88 geographies in 1990. In terms of birth cohorts, male smoking prevalence followed similar age patterns across levels of SDI, whereas much more heterogeneity was found in age patterns for female smokers by level of development. While smoking prevalence and risk-deleted DALY rates mostly decreased by sex and SDI quintile, population growth, population ageing, or a combination of both, drove rises in overall smoking-attributable DALYs in low-SDI to middle-SDI geographies between 2005 and 2015.InterpretationThe pace of progress in reducing smoking prevalence has been heterogeneous across geographies, development status, and sex, and as highlighted by more recent trends, maintaining past rates of decline should not be taken for granted, especially in women and in low-SDI to middle-SDI...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking prevalence and attributable disease burden in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Reitsma¹,

Fullman²,

Ng³

et al. 2017

The Lancet

1,354

720

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Smoking cigarettes is one of the leading causes of preventable deaths in the USA and globally 1 2. Inhalation of smoke directly from cigarettes and secondhand smoke exposes people to scores of toxic constituents (chemicals), many of which have been directly implicated in the cardiovascular, respiratory and carcinogenic health effects of smoking 3–5.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public understanding of cigarette smoke constituents: three US surveys

et al. 2016

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Introduction The Tobacco Control Act requires public disclosure of information about toxic constituents in cigarette smoke. To inform these efforts, we studied public understanding of cigarette smoke constituents. Methods We conducted phone surveys with national probability samples of adolescents (n=1125) and adults (n=5014) and an internet survey with a convenience sample of adults (n=4137), all in the USA. We assessed understanding of cigarette smoke constituents in general and of 24 specific constituents. Results Respondents commonly and incorrectly believed that harmful chemicals in cigarette smoke mostly originate in additives introduced by cigarette manufacturers (43–72%). Almost all participants had heard that nicotine is in cigarette smoke, and many had also heard about carbon monoxide, ammonia, arsenic and formaldehyde. Less than one-quarter had heard of most other listed constituents being in cigarette smoke. Constituents most likely to discourage respondents from wanting to smoke were ammonia, arsenic, formaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide, lead and uranium. Respondents more often reported being discouraged by constituents that they had heard are in cigarette smoke (all p<0.05). Constituents with names that started with a number or ended in ‘ene’ or ‘ine’ were less likely to discourage people from wanting to smoke (all p<0.05). Discussion Many people were unaware that burning the cigarette is the primary source of toxic constituents in cigarette smoke. Constituents that may most discourage cigarette smoking have familiar names, like arsenic and formaldehyde and do not start with a number or end in ene/ine. Our findings may help campaign designers develop constituent messages that discourage smoking.

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“…Shorter lives are expected in patients with head and neck cancer because of their cancer, but also from higher rates of smoking, alcohol abuse, and comorbidities than the general population . The 6.5 YLL found for head and neck cancer is greater than the 1.7 years attributed to smoking alone, but less than the 10 YLL found among patients with lung cancer with similar tobacco‐related risks . The impact of cancer treatments on life expectancy should not be discounted but could not be explicitly accounted for in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Decreased cancer-independent life expectancy in the head and neck cancer population

et al. 2017

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The impact of cigarette smoking on life expectancy between 1980 and 2010: a global perspective

Abstract: Recent trends indicate a substantial rise in the population-level impact of tobacco smoking on life expectancy in women and in middle-income countries. High-quality local data are needed in most low-income countries.

Cited by 51 publications

References 41 publications

Smoking prevalence and attributable disease burden in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Smoking prevalence and attributable disease burden in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Public understanding of cigarette smoke constituents: three US surveys

Decreased cancer-independent life expectancy in the head and neck cancer population

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