The impact of air pollution on the incidence and mortality of COVID-19

Karan, Abhinav; Ali, Kabeer; Teelucksingh, Surujpal; Sakhamuri, Sateesh

doi:10.1186/s41256-020-00167-y

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Air pollution is the most significant environmental risk factor for all-cause mortality [ 8 ]. Increasing number of human epidemiologic studies has been conducted to assess the potential association between air pollution exposure and stroke admission, incidence, and mortality in recent years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between exposure to ambient air pollution and hospital admission, incidence, and mortality of stroke: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of more than 23 million participants

Niu

Liu

et al. 2021

Environ Health Prev Med

100

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Background Previous studies have suggested that exposure to air pollution may increase stroke risk, but the results remain inconsistent. Evidence of more recent studies is highly warranted, especially gas air pollutants. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science to identify studies till February 2020 and conducted a meta-analysis on the association between air pollution (PM2.5, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm; PM10, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm; NO2, nitrogen dioxide; SO2, sulfur dioxide; CO, carbon monoxide; O3, ozone) and stroke (hospital admission, incidence, and mortality). Fixed- or random-effects model was used to calculate pooled odds ratios (OR)/hazard ratio (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) for a 10 μg/m3 increase in air pollutant concentration. Results A total of 68 studies conducted from more than 23 million participants were included in our meta-analysis. Meta-analyses showed significant associations of all six air pollutants and stroke hospital admission (e.g., PM2.5: OR = 1.008 (95% CI 1.005, 1.011); NO2: OR = 1.023 (95% CI 1.015, 1.030), per 10 μg/m3 increases in air pollutant concentration). Exposure to PM2.5, SO2, and NO2 was associated with increased risks of stroke incidence (PM2.5: HR = 1.048 (95% CI 1.020, 1.076); SO2: HR = 1.002 (95% CI 1.000, 1.003); NO2: HR = 1.002 (95% CI 1.000, 1.003), respectively). However, no significant differences were found in associations of PM10, CO, O3, and stroke incidence. Except for CO and O3, we found that higher level of air pollution (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and NO2) exposure was associated with higher stroke mortality (e.g., PM10: OR = 1.006 (95% CI 1.003, 1.010), SO2: OR = 1.006 (95% CI 1.005, 1.008). Conclusions Exposure to air pollution was positively associated with an increased risk of stroke hospital admission (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3), incidence (PM2.5, SO2, and NO2), and mortality (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and NO2). Our study would provide a more comprehensive evidence of air pollution and stroke, especially SO2 and NO2.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between exposure to ambient air pollution and hospital admission, incidence, and mortality of stroke: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of more than 23 million participants

Niu

Liu

et al. 2021

Environ Health Prev Med

100

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“…The risk was confirmed by epidemiologic data which indicate the increased COVID-19 mortality in the regions of Italy, Spain and England with the highest concentration of air pollutants [91]. The correlation between high levels of air pollution and increased numbers of COVID-19 cases has been noted also in France, the Czech Republic, and Poland [24].…”

Section: Disinfection and Sterilization During Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Reduction of community air pollution. Karan et al [91] indicated that the pollution of community air, mostly with PM 2.5 (particulate matter, described also as 'dust', with diameter less than 2.5 μm), NO 2 and SO 2 , may enhance the severity of COVID-19 by depression of the immunity, increasing host susceptibility to the infection and producing a significant pro-inflammatory state. According to Comunian et al [92], exposure to polluting agents alters the immune response of the lung cells and induces an increase in oxidative and inflammatory stress.…”

Section: Disinfection and Sterilization During Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fine particulate matter (dust) may also contain other microbes and their toxins that may stimulate the disease, thereby acting as harmful bioaerosol. The above-mentioned facts indicate that for the prevention of COVID-19 spread, increased efforts for reducing air pollution are needed, which would also be beneficial for effectively combatting the devastating climate change [91,95,96].…”

Section: Disinfection and Sterilization During Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID 19 – Possible interrelations with respiratory comorbidities caused by occupational exposure to various hazardous bioaerosols. Part II. Clinical course, diagnostics, treatment and prevention

Maćkiewicz¹,

Lemieszek²,

Dutkiewicz³

2021

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Introduction and objective. The course of COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 may be aggravated by bioaerosols containing other viruses, bacteria, and fungi, occurring mainly in the occupational environment. Hence, the diagnostics and treatment of COVID-19 should address such a possibility in the anamnesis, treatment and final recommendations for avoiding of adverse exposure. Abbreviated description of the state of knowledge. As SARS-CoV-2 attacks primarily the respiratory system and the severe manifestation of COVID-19 is interstitial pneumonia, diagnostics should include the following clinical and laboratory examinations: chest X-ray; high resolution computed tomography (HRCT); pulmonary function tests; arterial-blood gas test; genetic tests for the presence of SARS-CoV-2, in the future with the use of highly specific and sensitive nano-based biosensors; tests for the presence of specific immunity against the antigens of microorganisms causing other infectious or allergic pulmonary diseases (in the case of anamnestic indications). Because an universally accepted treatment for COVID-19 does not exist, the hitherto prescribed antiviral and immune-modulating drugs should be used be with caution. In many cases, a better alternative could be a safe supportive therapy, such as supplementation of the diet with probiotics, prebiotics, vitamins and microelements. Conclusions. The most important preventive measures against COVID-19 should include: vaccination; the use of filter or surgical masks; disinfection and sterilization; maintaining of well-functioning ventilation and air conditioning systems; reduction of the community air pollution which has been identified as an important factor increasing the COVID-19 severity. In the choice of preventive measures, the above should be considered for their potential efficacy against other bioaerosols as potential disease-aggravating agents.

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“…Air pollutants increase host susceptibility to viral respiratory infections by increasing epithelial cells permeability to viral receptors and reducing host defense, thus impairing macrophage function and phagocytosis, antigen processing, and the expression of natural killer and cytotoxic T-cells. Pollutants may also increase the virulence of COVID-19 [86].…”

Section: Role Of Air Pollution In Spread and Severity Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Immunopathology, Particle Pollution, and Iron Balance

Whiteside

Herndon²

2020

JAMMR

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The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic exploded into a world already reeling from climate change, degradation of natural systems, and pandemics of air pollution and noncommunicable diseases. These pandemics are interrelated; air pollution, the world’s biggest killer, is a major contributor to noncommunicable disease. Air pollution is a probable cofactor in the spread and severity of COVID-19. There are shared mechanisms of injury by the emerging COVID-19 immunopathology, ultrafine air pollutants, and chronic degenerative disease. A key feature of each is oxidative stress, including that caused by iron dysregulation. Exogenous combustion-derived magnetite nanoparticles found in human brains and hearts are strongly implicated in the development of cardiometabolic and neurogenerative disease. Altered iron balance favoring excess reactive or misplaced iron is probably the most important predisposing condition for severe COVID-19 infection. Ultrafine-particle/nanoparticle toxicity and COVID-19 immunopathology on the subcellular level are both characterized by iron dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Primary sources of the most damaging ultrafine pollution particles are fossil fuel combustion, vehicle emissions, and coal fly ash utilized in undisclosed tropospheric aerosol geoengineering. The same ultrafine particles when emitted or placed into the troposphere alter the world’s cloud layers and reduce atmospheric convection, directly contributing to climate change and global warming. Pandemics can only be tackled by international cooperation. Immediate steps that must be taken include monitoring and control of ultrafine particulate air pollution, and prompt cessation of geoengineering operations.

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The impact of air pollution on the incidence and mortality of COVID-19

Cited by 30 publications

References 10 publications

Association between exposure to ambient air pollution and hospital admission, incidence, and mortality of stroke: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of more than 23 million participants

Association between exposure to ambient air pollution and hospital admission, incidence, and mortality of stroke: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of more than 23 million participants

COVID 19 – Possible interrelations with respiratory comorbidities caused by occupational exposure to various hazardous bioaerosols. Part II. Clinical course, diagnostics, treatment and prevention

COVID-19 Immunopathology, Particle Pollution, and Iron Balance

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