The immunotoxicity and neurobehavioral toxicity of zebrafish induced by famoxadone-cymoxanil

Cheng, Bo; Zhang, Hua; Hu, Jihuan; Peng, Yuyang; Yang, Jian; Liao, Xinjun; Liu, Fasheng; Guo, Jun; Hu, Chengyu; Lu, Huiqiang

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125870

Cited by 39 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In the present study, the low-dose-exposed rats were mostly asymptomatic. However, medium-and high dose-treated rats exhibited signs and symptoms of toxicity, which indicated the stress condition of these rats [7]. Many pesticides kill insects by targeting their nervous system and can cause neurotoxic effects in mammals [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results agree with some previous reports [52,53], which mentioned that creatinine excretion is entirely dependent on the process of glomerular filtration. Importantly, acetylcholinesterase is a neurotransmitter with stimulatory and inhibitory effects on muscles and has been considered a common indicator for altering brain neural function [7]. Acetylcholinesterase is also considered an index of cellular activity and can be considered a useful toxicological tool [54].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nowadays, global pesticide research has mainly assessed pesticide residues and their metabolites in different environments, soil and agricultural products, and dissipation dynamics and half-life [5,6]. However, toxicity studies on animals and humans are rarely conducted [7]. The pesticide industry has been trying to produce lower toxicity pesticides for non-target animals that are more functionally efficient than those currently used; however, pesticides with toxic effects are still being used for specific purposes and can cause metabolic disorders in mammals [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biochemical and Histopathological Alterations in Different Tissues of Rats Due to Repeated Oral Dose Toxicity of Cymoxanil

Ahmed

Massoud

Derbalah

et al. 2020

Animals

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Evaluating potential adverse health impacts caused by pesticides is an important parameter in human toxicity. This study focuses on the importance of subchronic toxicity assessment of cymoxanil fungicide in rats with special reference to target biochemical enzymes and histopathological changes in different tissues. In this regard, a 21-day toxicity study with repeated cymoxanil oral doses was conducted. It has been shown that low doses (0.5 mg/kg) were less effective than medium (1 mg/kg) and high (2 mg/kg) doses. Moreover, high dose dose-treated rats showed piecemeal necrosis in the liver, interstitial nephritis and tubular degeneration in the kidneys, interstitial pneumonia and type II pneumocyte hyperplasia in the lungs, gliosis, spongiosis, and malacia in the brain, and testicular edema and degeneration in the testes. Cymoxanil significantly increased AST, ALT, and ALP in serum and liver, indicating tissue necrosis and possible leakage of these enzymes into the bloodstream. Creatinine levels increased, indicating renal damage. Similarly, significant inhibition was recorded in brain acetylcholinesterase, indicating that both synaptic transmission and nerve conduction were affected. Importantly, these histopathological and biochemical alterations were dose-dependent. Taken together, our study reported interesting biochemical and histopathological alterations in different rat tissues following repeated toxicity with oral doses of cymoxanil. Our study suggests future studies on different pesticides at different concentrations that would help urge governments to create more restrictive regulations concerning these compounds’ levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biochemical and Histopathological Alterations in Different Tissues of Rats Due to Repeated Oral Dose Toxicity of Cymoxanil

Ahmed

Massoud

Derbalah

et al. 2020

Animals

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“…In the current study, wild-type zebrafish (AB strain), as well as several ZFIN (the Zebrafish Information Network, http://zfin.org/ ) included transgenic zebrafish lines, including Tg(lyz:DsRED2) (with neutrophils labeled, https://zfin.org/ZDB-TGCONSTRCT-071109-3 ), ( Campbell et al, 2021 ), Tg(mpeg1:EGFP) (with macrophages labeled, http://zfin.org/ZDB-TGCONSTRCT-120117-1 ), ( Li et al, 2020a ), Tg(rag2:DsRed) (with lymphocytes labeled, http://zfin.org/ZDB-TGCONSTRCT-131022-4 ), ( Cheng et al, 2020 ) and Tg(lck:lck-eGFP) (with T cells labeled, https://zfin.org/ZDB-TGCONSTRCT-070117-48 ), ( Jerison and Quake, 2020 ), were purchased from CZRC (China Zebrafish Resource Center, http://en.zfish.cn/ ) and were maintained according to standard protocols ( Renshaw et al, 2006 ). The transgenic zebrafish used in this study included innate immune cell labeled Tg(lyz:DsRED2) ; Tg(mpeg1:EGFP) , as well as adaptive immune cell labeled Tg(rag2:DsRed) or Tg(lck:lck-eGFP) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Inclusion of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) Mitigates Foodborne Enteritis in Zebrafish Through the Gut-Liver Immune Axis

Zhao

Xie

et al. 2022

Front. Physiol.

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To help prevent foodborne enteritis in aquaculture, several feed additives, such as herbal medicine, have been added to fish diets. Predictions of effective herb medicines for treating fish foodborne enteritis from key regulated DEGs (differentially expressed genes) in transcriptomic data can aid in the development of feed additives using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database. Seabuckthorn has been assessed as a promising candidate for treating grass carp soybean-induced enteritis (SBMIE). In the present study, the SBMIE zebrafish model was used to assess seabuckthorn’s therapeutic or preventative effects. The results showed that intestinal and hepatic inflammation was reduced when seabuckthorn was added, either pathologically (improved intestinal villi morphology, less oil-drops) or growth-related (body fat deposition). Moreover, seabuckthorn may block the intestinal p53 signaling pathway, while activating the PPAR signaling pathway and fatty acid metabolism in the liver. 16S rRNA gene sequencing results also indicated a significant increase in OTU numbers and skewed overlapping with the fish meal group following the addition of seabuckthorn. Additionally, there were signs of altered gut microbiota taxa composition, particularly for reduced TM7, Sphingomonas, and Shigella, following the addition of seabuckthorn. Hindgut imaging of fluorescent immune cells in SBMIE larvae revealed the immune regulatory mechanisms at the cellular level. Seabuckthorn may significantly inhibit the inflammatory gathering of neutrophils, macrophages, and mature T cells, as well as cellular protrusions’ formation. On the other hand, in larvae, seabuckthorn inhibited the inflammatory aggregation of lck+ T cells but not immature lymphocytes, indicating that it affected intestinal adaptive immunity. Although seabuckthorn did not affect the distribution of intestinal CD4+ cells, the number of hepatic CD4+ cells were reduced in fish from the seabuckthorn supplementation group. Thus, the current data indicate that seabuckthorn may alleviate foodborne gut-liver symptoms by enhancing intestinal mucosal immunity and microbiota while simultaneously inhibiting hepatic adipose disposition, making it a potential additive for preventing fish foodborne gut-liver symptoms.

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“…Cymoxanil, 2-cyano- N -[(ethylamino) carbonyl]-2-(methoxyimino) acetamide, a high-efficiency and low-toxicity fungicide, was developed by DuPont in 1972. Cymoxanil has several possible modes of action such as the inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis, mycelial respiration, membrane permeability, and reduction of sporulation. − Pesticide residues are found in fruits, vegetables, and soil. They can enter into the environment through various metabolic pathways and cause pollution .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zero-Background Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection of Cymoxanil Based on the Change of the Cyano Group after Ultraviolet Irradiation

Lijun²,

et al. 2020

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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A zero-background method based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was developed for the rapid determination of cymoxanil residue in food. Because of the influence of complex matrices, conventional Raman spectroscopy has multiple peaks that overlap with those of target molecules, which makes qualitative and quantitative detection difficult. However, the cyano group (CN) of cymoxanil after ultraviolet irradiation has a special characteristic peak in the Raman-silent region (1800–2800 cm–1), which eliminates the possible background interference. The intensity of the characteristic peak at 2130 cm–1 exhibited a good linear relationship (R2 = 0.9907) with the concentration of cymoxanil in the range of 1.0–50.0 mg/L, whose limit of detection was 0.5 mg/L. The novel method was also applied to the detection of cymoxanil residue in real samples such as cucumber and grape, and the results were in good agreement with those from high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. This revealed that the SERS method has great potential in the detection of cymoxanil in fruits and vegetables. Moreover, ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) was adopted to identify the photoproducts of cymoxanil. The photolysis mechanism was explored by SERS and the UPLC-QTOF/MS technique, which provided basic information on photodegradation of cymoxanil.

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The immunotoxicity and neurobehavioral toxicity of zebrafish induced by famoxadone-cymoxanil

Cited by 39 publications

References 46 publications

Biochemical and Histopathological Alterations in Different Tissues of Rats Due to Repeated Oral Dose Toxicity of Cymoxanil

Biochemical and Histopathological Alterations in Different Tissues of Rats Due to Repeated Oral Dose Toxicity of Cymoxanil

Dietary Inclusion of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) Mitigates Foodborne Enteritis in Zebrafish Through the Gut-Liver Immune Axis

Zero-Background Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection of Cymoxanil Based on the Change of the Cyano Group after Ultraviolet Irradiation

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