The Immunomodulatory Functions of Butyrate

Siddiqui, Mohamed Tausif; Cresci, Gail

doi:10.2147/jir.s300989

Cited by 161 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 164 publications

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“…It has been reported that butyrate can elevate the expression of Claudin-1 and ZO-1 in the colon, promoting the redistribution of Occludin to enhance the barrier function of the intestinal tract, and inhibiting intestinal inflammation ( 29 . This is because butyrate can stimulate the activation of intracellular AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and effectively blocks the effect of permeability ( 30 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus velezensis A2 Inhibited the Cecal Inflammation Induced by Zearalenone by Regulating Intestinal Flora and Short-Chain Fatty Acids

et al. 2022

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Zearalenone (ZEA) as an estrogen-like mycotoxin can cause the inflammatory injury of the cecum. How to reduce the harm that ZEA causes to humans and animals is a current concern for researchers. In this study, we aimed to ascertain whether Bacillus velezensis A2 (A2) could alleviate injury caused by ZEA by regulating the intestinal flora and the content of short chain fatty acids in the cecum among mice. Our results showed that Bacillus velezensis A2 improved the fold height, myometrial thickness, and crypt depth of the cecum induced by ZEA. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting results showed that A2 could decrease the ZEA-induced increase in expression levels of IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and FC. Studies also showed that A2 increased the content of SCFA in the cecum which was decreased by ZEA. The microbial communities in the cecum were changed when given ZEA or A2. A2 was found to greatly reduce the ZEN-induced increase in the relative abundance of p_Actinobacteria, p_Protebacteria, o_Coriobacteriales, g_Anaerotruncus, g_Pseudoflavonifractor, g_Lachnoclostridium, g_Enterorhabdus, and f_Oscillospiraceae, and increase the ZEN-induced decrease in the relative abundance of f_Coriobacteriales. Results indicated that Bacillus velezensis A2 can largely ameliorate the intestinal inflammatory injury induced by ZEA in mice by regulating the microflora and short chain fatty acids content.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus velezensis A2 Inhibited the Cecal Inflammation Induced by Zearalenone by Regulating Intestinal Flora and Short-Chain Fatty Acids

et al. 2022

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“…In the recent past, the gut microbiota has been proposed as a relevant player in cancer development and progression as well as a potential modulator of host immune responses and of sensitivity to ICIs 16 . In particular, butyrate‐producing gut bacteria may play a positive role in blocking inflammation and modulating both innate and adaptative immunity 17 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 In particular, butyrate-producing gut bacteria may play a positive role in blocking inflammation and modulating both innate and adaptative immunity. 17 Here, we report an exploratory analysis of basal pretreatment fecal microbiota species in patients from CAVE-mCRC trial with the aim of identifying gut bacteria, which could be correlated with antitumor activity of avelumab plus cetuximab. To further evaluate and to validate the potential role of intestinal microbiota, we extended this analysis to a subgroup of patients from CAVE-Lung trial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota correlates with antitumor activity in patients with mCRC and NSCLC treated with cetuximab plus avelumab

Martini

Ciardiello

Dallio

et al. 2022

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Gut microbiota is involved in immune modulation and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) efficacy. Single-arm phase II CAVE-mCRC and CAVE-LUNG clinical trials investigated cetuximab + avelumab combination in RAS wild-type (WT) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and chemo-refractory nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, respectively. A comprehensive gut microbiota genetic analysis was done in basal fecal samples of 14 patients from CAVE-mCRC trial with circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) RAS/BRAF WT and microsatellite stable (MSS) disease. Results were validated in a cohort of 10 patients from CAVE-Lung trial. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed 23 027 bacteria species in basal fecal samples of 14 patients from CAVE-mCRC trial. In five long-term responding patients (progression-free survival [PFS],9-24 months) significant increases in two butyrate-producing bacteria, Agathobacter M104/1 (P = .018) and Blautia SR1/5 (P = .023) were found compared to nine patients with shorter PFS (2-6 months). A significantly better PFS was also observed according to the presence or absence of these species in basal fecal samples. For Agathobacter M104/1, median PFS (mPFS) was 13.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.5-20.5 months) vs 4.6 months (95% CI, 1.8-7.4 months); P = .006. For Blautia SR1/5, mPFS was 5.9 months (95% CI, 2.2-9.7 months) vs 3.6 months (95% CI, 3.3-4.0 months); P = .

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“…Metabolites produced by a healthy gut microbiota, such as short-chain fatty acids (e.g., acetic, propionic, and butyric acids), play important roles in maintaining the intestinal barrier, ( 43 ) providing energy ( 44 ) and immune homeostasis ( 45 ). It is well-recognized that gut microbiota also participate in modulating the intestinal microenvironment and host metabolism, while the gut microecology is vulnerable to the effects of unhealthy diet ( 46 ) and antibiotic treatments ( 47 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shifts in Fecal Metabolite Profiles Associated With Ramadan Fasting Among Chinese and Pakistani Individuals

Chen

Ikram

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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The human gut microbiota has been proposed to serve as a multifunctional organ in host metabolism, contributing effects to nutrient acquisition, immune response, and digestive health. Fasting during Ramadan may alter the composition of gut microbiota through changes in dietary behavior, which ultimately affects the contents of various metabolites in the gut. Here, we used liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry-based metabolomics to investigate the composition of fecal metabolites in Chinese and Pakistani individuals before and after Ramadan fasting. Principal component analysis showed distinct separation of metabolite profiles among ethnic groups as well as between pre- and post-fasting samples. After Ramadan fasting, the Chinese and Pakistani groups showed significant differences in their respective contents of various fecal metabolites. In particular, L-histidine, lycofawcine, and cordycepin concentrations were higher after Ramadan fasting in the Chinese group, while brucine was enriched in the Pakistani group. The KEGG analysis suggested that metabolites related to purine metabolism, 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism, and lysine degradation were significantly enriched in the total subject population pre-fasting vs. post-fasting comparisons. Several bacterial taxa were significantly correlated with specific metabolites unique to each ethnic group, suggesting that changes in fecal metabolite profiles related to Ramadan fasting may be influenced by associated shifts in gut microbiota. The fasting-related differences in fecal metabolite profile, together with these group-specific correlations between taxa and metabolites, support our previous findings that ethnic differences in dietary composition also drive variation in gut microbial composition and diversity. This landscape view of interconnected dietary behaviors, microbiota, and metabolites contributes to the future development of personalized, diet-based therapeutic strategies for gut-related disorders.

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The Immunomodulatory Functions of Butyrate

Cited by 161 publications

References 164 publications

Bacillus velezensis A2 Inhibited the Cecal Inflammation Induced by Zearalenone by Regulating Intestinal Flora and Short-Chain Fatty Acids

Bacillus velezensis A2 Inhibited the Cecal Inflammation Induced by Zearalenone by Regulating Intestinal Flora and Short-Chain Fatty Acids

Gut microbiota correlates with antitumor activity in patients with mCRC and NSCLC treated with cetuximab plus avelumab

Shifts in Fecal Metabolite Profiles Associated With Ramadan Fasting Among Chinese and Pakistani Individuals

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