The immunomodulatory effects of lactic acid bacteria for improving immune functions and benefits

Abstract

Probiotics have a number of beneficial health effects in humans and animals, such as reducing lactose intolerance symptoms and enhancing the bioavailability of nutrients. Probiotics help regulate intestinal microflora and immunomodulatory properties. Probiotics also decrease the prevalence of allergies in susceptible individuals, inhibit the inflammatory responses in the gut, and have antagonistic effects against intestinal and food-borne pathogens. Bacteria typically colonize the intestinal tract first and then reinforce the host defense systems by inducing generalized mucosal immune responses, including modulation of DC/NK interaction, a balanced T-helper cell response, self-limited inflammatory response, and the secretion of polymeric IgA. A lot of reports showed that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and their fermented products are effective at enhancing innate and adaptive immunity, prevent gastric mucosal lesion development, alleviate allergies, and put up defense against intestinal pathogen infection. In this review paper, we compared the influence of immunomodulatory effects on the function and efficacy of lactobacillus products with different strains. We also discuss the beneficial effects of several LAB strain and its derivative products for human immunity and related diseases.

Effect of Clostridium�butyricum supplementation on the development of intestinal flora and the immune system of neonatal mice

“…Various probiotics were demonstrated to have different roles in the host's immune system. For instance, Lactobacillus paracasei (strain KW3110) may potentially reduce allergy-induced inflammation by inhibiting Th2 cytokines (11).…”

“…However, different species or even different strains of the same species may have different functions in the regulation of intestinal flora and development of the intestinal immune system (11). Clostridium butyricum has the capacity to produce large amounts of short-chain fatty acids, which promote intestinal absorption of water and sodium (12,13).…”

Correlation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus Genotypes and Carbohydrate Utilization Signatures Determined by Phenotype Profiling

“…In human-associated niches, LAB can contribute to the meta-bolic capacities of the resident microbial ecosystem (7). Moreover, they can interact with the host's mucosal tissues and the immune system (8). Genotypic and phenotypic high-throughput analyses targeted several Lactobacillus species (4,5).…”

A novel kefir product (PFT) activates dendritic cells to induce CD4+T and CD8+T cell responses in vitro

“…This is supported by the fact that LAB strains can induce adjuvant effects including enhancement of natural killer (NK) and cytotoxic T cell activities. [10][11][12][13] Earlier reports also suggest that treatment with LAB caused an increase in the number of IgA producing cells as well as an increase in the specific and total serum IgA titer. 14,15 Numerous studies have investigated the effect of LAB on dendritic cells (DCs).…”