The Immune System of Sheep and Goats

Scheerlinck, Jean-Pierre Y.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374279-7.12017-x

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…DEGs in group B vs. C were not significantly enriched for this term. Almost all of the DEGs were significantly enriched in immune-related terms, including leukocyte activation, lymphocyte activation, T cell activation, regulation of immune system process, regulation of immune response, regulation of leukocyte activation, regulation of lymphocyte activation, and immune response, which were related to immunity and disease resistance ( Butler et al, 2009 ; Mohr & Siegrist, 2016 ; Morein, Blomqvist & Hu, 2007 ; Zens, Connors & Farber, 2017 ; Scheerlinck, 2016 ). Additionally, the 10 key genes predicted through PPI network analysis were annotated into eight immune-related GO terms ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome analysis reveals potential immune function-related regulatory genes/pathways of female Lubo goat submandibular glands at different developmental stages

Wang

Chao

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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Background The submandibular glands, as major salivary glands, participate in rumen digestion in goats. Sialic acid, lysozyme, immunoglobulin A (IgA), lactoferrin and other biologically active substances secreted in the submandibular glands were reported in succession, which suggests that the submandibular gland may have immune functions in addition to participating in digestion. The aim of this study was to map the expression profile of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at three different stages by transcriptome sequencing, screen immune-related genes and pathways by bioinformatics methods, and predict the immune function of submandibular glands at different developmental stages. Methods Nine submandibular gland tissue samples were collected from groups of 1-month-old kids, 12-month-old adolescent goats and 24-month-old adult goats (3 samples from each group), and high-throughput transcriptome sequencing was conducted on these samples. The DEGs among the three stages were screened and analysed. Key genes and signalling pathways were selected via protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Results The results revealed 2,706, 2,525 and 52 DEGs between 1-month-old and 12-month-old goats, between 1-month-old and 24-month-old goats, and between 12-month-old and 24-month-old goats, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses indicated that most of the DEGs were enriched in immune- related GO terms and pathways. Based on functional enrichment analysis and network analysis, 10 genes (PTPRC, CD28, SELL, LCP2, MYC, LCK, ZAP70, ITGB2, SYK and CCR7), two signalling pathways (the T cell receptor signalling pathway and the NF-κβ signalling pathway) and eight GO terms (T cell receptor signalling pathway, neutrophil mediated immunity, B cell mediated immunity, regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation, positive regulation of T cell proliferation, regulation of leukocyte differentiation, positive regulation of antigen receptor-mediated signalling pathway, positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation) that may play key roles in the immune functions of the goat submandibular glands at different developmental stages were identified. Moreover, we found that eight antibacterial peptide-encoding genes were downregulated in the tuberculosis and salivary secretion pathways, while all immunoglobulins were upregulated in 10 immune system pathways. These findings indicate that the submandibular glands may be important immunological organs during the growth process of goats and that the immune function of these glands gradually weakens with age up to 12 months but remains relatively stable after 12 months of age. Overall, this study will improve our understanding of transcriptional regulation related to goat submandibular gland immune function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome analysis reveals potential immune function-related regulatory genes/pathways of female Lubo goat submandibular glands at different developmental stages

Wang

Chao

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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“…The lung of goats with body weight 20–25 kg is similarly to that of adults, which is essential to dynamically investigate the structure and function changes induced by an explosion. 25 A report from the US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command revealed that they established a log-logistic model of dose-response curves and lethality correlation with 1200 sheep exposed to air blast in free-field and confined enclosures, which can be used for predicting the survivability of BLI thus understanding the underlying mechanisms. 26 In addition, compared with large animals, small animals (such as murine and rat) are widely used in blast injury studies, because they are easier to handle and perform molecular mechanism exploration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global gene expression profiling of blast lung injury of goats exposed to shock wave

Wang

Zhang

Gao³

et al. 2020

Chinese Journal of Traumatology

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Purpose Blast lung injury (BLI) is the most common damage resulted from explosion-derived shock wave in military, terrorism and industrial accidents. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying BLI induced by shock wave are still unclear. Methods In this study, a goat BLI model was established by a fuel air explosive power. The key genes involved in were identified. The goats of the experimental group were fixed on the edge of the explosion cloud, while the goats of the control group were 3 km far away from the explosive environment. After successful modeling for 24 h, all the goats were sacrificed and the lung tissue was harvested for histopathological observation and RNA sequencing. Gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis were performed to identify the main enriched biological functions of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to verify the consistency of gene expression. Results Of the sampled goat lungs, 895 genes were identified to be significantly differentially expressed, and they were involved in 52 significantly enriched GO categories. KEGG analysis revealed that DEGs were highly enriched in 26 pathways, such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, antifolate resistance, arachidonic acid metabolism, amoebiasis and bile secretion, JAK-STAT, and IL-17 signaling pathway. Furthermore, 15 key DEGs involved in the biological processes of BLI were confirmed by qRT-PCR, and the results were consistent with RNA sequencing. Conclusion Gene expression profiling provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of BLI, which will help to set strategy for treating lung injury and preventing secondary lung injury induced by shock wave.

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“…Rather, one-host ticks thrive best on cattle. Considering that cattle are more costly, researchers may consider using sheep or goats given that they are closely related to cattle [ 141 ]. Contrary to three-host ticks, assessing vaccine efficacy against one-host ticks should include the number of adults obtained after the initial infestation, the number of eggs laid per tick and the number of hatched larvae per egg batch.…”

Section: Approach Of Assessing Vaccine Efficacymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In principle, cattle are the best model; however, they are costly; hence, sheep or goats could be adopted as an alternative. The reason is that in comparison to cattle, sheep and goats are less expensive, yet they are closely related to cattle [ 81 , 141 ]. For example, Jackson and Opedeeck [ 81 ] demonstrated the option of using sheep as an alternative model for examining vaccine efficacy.…”

Section: A Pipeline/map For Development Of Anti-tick Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Bench to Field: A Guide to Formulating and Evaluating Anti-Tick Vaccines Delving beyond Efficacy to Effectiveness

Ndawula

2021

Vaccines

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Ticks are ubiquitous blood-sucking ectoparasites capable of transmitting a wide range of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi to animals and humans. Although the use of chemicals (acaricides) is the predominant method of tick-control, there are increasing incidents of acaricide tick resistance. Furthermore, there are concerns over accumulation of acaricide residues in meat, milk and in the environment. Therefore, alternative methods of tick-control have been proposed, of which anti-tick cattle vaccination is regarded as sustainable and user-friendly. Over the years, tremendous progress has been made in identifying and evaluating novel candidate tick vaccines, yet none of them have reached the global market. Until now, Bm86-based vaccines (Gavac™ in Cuba and TickGARDPLUS™ Australia-ceased in 2010) are still the only globally commercialized anti-tick vaccines. In contrast to Bm86, often, the novel candidate anti-tick vaccines show a lower protection efficacy. Why is this so? In response, herein, the potential bottlenecks to formulating efficacious anti-tick vaccines are examined. Aside from Bm86, the effectiveness of other anti-tick vaccines is rarely assessed. So, how can the researchers assess anti-tick vaccine effectiveness before field application? The approaches that are currently used to determine anti-tick vaccine efficacy are re-examined in this review. In addition, a model is proposed to aid in assessing anti-tick vaccine effectiveness. Finally, based on the principles for the development of general veterinary vaccines, a pipeline is proposed to guide in the development of anti-tick vaccines.

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The Immune System of Sheep and Goats

Cited by 5 publications

References 54 publications

Transcriptome analysis reveals potential immune function-related regulatory genes/pathways of female Lubo goat submandibular glands at different developmental stages

Transcriptome analysis reveals potential immune function-related regulatory genes/pathways of female Lubo goat submandibular glands at different developmental stages

Global gene expression profiling of blast lung injury of goats exposed to shock wave

From Bench to Field: A Guide to Formulating and Evaluating Anti-Tick Vaccines Delving beyond Efficacy to Effectiveness

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