The Immune Response in Protein-Energy Malnutrition and Single Nutrient Deficiencies

Kuvibidila, Solo; Yu, Lolie C.; Ode, David; Warrier, R. P.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-2900-2_6

Cited by 37 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…immunoglobulins, cytokines, acute-phase proteins). Practically all forms of immunity may be affected by protein ±energy malnutrition, but non-speci®c defences and cell-mediated immunity are more severely affected than humoral (antibody) responses (Table 5) (for review see Kuvibidila et al 1993); indeed, circulating concentrations of immunoglobulins are often unaffected by malnutrition (see Kuvibidila et al 1993). That impaired immunity has a functional consequence was shown by a study in malnourished Bangladeshi children: those who showed the fewest skin reactions to common bacterial antigens (i.e.…”

Section: Nutrition and Immune Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Undernutrition, infection and immune function

2000

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Undernutrition and infection are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. These two problems are interrelated. Undernutrition compromises barrier function, allowing easier access by pathogens, and compromises immune function, decreasing the ability of the host to eliminate pathogens once they enter the body. Thus, malnutrition predisposes to infections. Infections can alter nutritional status mediated by changes in dietary intake, absorption and nutrient requirements and losses of endogenous nutrients.

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Section: Nutrition and Immune Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Undernutrition, infection and immune function

2000

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“…In addition, Cu is involved in complement function, cell membrane integrity, Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase, and immunoglobulin structure (Kuvibidila et al 1993;Myrvik, 1994).…”

Section: Other Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of early diet and the development of the immune system

Gil

Rueda

2002

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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The present review focuses on the specific effects of nutrients on the development of the immune system in early life. There is a big gap regarding the specific mechanisms that regulate immunity at the intestinal level and their impact in the systemic immune function. For this reason, during the last few years there has been great interest in ascertaining the mechanisms that regulate the intestinal immune function, as well as to understand how specific nutrients interact with the gut-associated lymphoid tissue. We have reviewed this topic with special emphasis on how human milk, and its components, influence the early development of intestinal immunity in breast-fed infants compared with formula-fed infants. Interactions between nutrients and intestinal microbiota have also been reviewed. Some micronutrients such as nucleotides and gangliosides, which are present in human milk and also in most foods, are able to influence immune functionality at very low concentrations. The specific action of these micronutrients on some parameters of immunity, as well as their potential mechanisms of action, have been considered in detail. However, there are limited data on how other specific nutrients, namely protein and non-protein N-containing compounds, lipids, carbohydrates, and others, such as minerals, vitamins, fibre, non-nutritional dietary compounds (flavonoids, carotenoids, phyto-oestrogens, etc), influence immunity. In the present review we have provided data regarding the potential effects of these compounds on the immune response in early life. The increasing use of functional foods by the public to improve their general health and prevent the incidence of chronic diseases has become a major area of interest within the nutrition community. Of the many functional foods available, probiotics have been most studied in infancy and childhood, particularly with regard to the prevention of allergic diseases. Infant formulae and fermented milks containing large quantities of probiotics are produced and

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“…In zinc and protein-calorie deficiencies, it is well documented that reduced numbers of peripheral lymphocytes are an underlying cause of impaired cell and antibody-mediated responses [1,2]. For three decades, lymphopenia and thymic atrophy were the prime immunologic characteristics of these deficiencies among humans and animals [1][2][3][4]. Although these two types of nutritional deficiencies are prevalent worldwide, each can also become a component of chronic diseases (e.g., cancer, AIDS, renal disease, sickle cell anemia, and gastrointestinal disorders), where appetite and weight loss lead to suboptimal nutriture and impaired immune defense [1][2][3][4].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although these two types of nutritional deficiencies are prevalent worldwide, each can also become a component of chronic diseases (e.g., cancer, AIDS, renal disease, sickle cell anemia, and gastrointestinal disorders), where appetite and weight loss lead to suboptimal nutriture and impaired immune defense [1][2][3][4]. As a result, substantially more sepsis, pneumonia, and various secondary infections are seen in persons with chronic diseases and in malnourished persons [1][2][3][4]. Thus, there are a range of situations in which deficiencies in zinc and other nutrients alter immune defense systems and compromise health.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For three decades, lymphopenia and thymic atrophy were the prime immunologic characteristics of these deficiencies among humans and animals [1][2][3][4]. Although these two types of nutritional deficiencies are prevalent worldwide, each can also become a component of chronic diseases (e.g., cancer, AIDS, renal disease, sickle cell anemia, and gastrointestinal disorders), where appetite and weight loss lead to suboptimal nutriture and impaired immune defense [1][2][3][4]. As a result, substantially more sepsis, pneumonia, and various secondary infections are seen in persons with chronic diseases and in malnourished persons [1][2][3][4].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variations in the Cell Cycle Status of Lymphopoietic and Myelopoietic Cells Created by Zinc Deficiency

King

Fraker

2000

J INFECT DIS

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Zinc deficiency causes thymic atrophy and lymphopenia. It was recently shown that zinc deficiency causes sizable losses among the precursor lymphocytes, such that this compartment was depleted 40%-50% in the marrow of young adult mice. However, the myeloid compartments increased substantially both in proportion and absolute number as zinc deficiency advanced. Zinc deficiency caused no change in the cell cycle status of precursor B cells and only modest changes in cycling pro-B cells. Conversely, cells of the myeloid series, especially monocytes, exhibited as much as a 40% increase in the proportion of cells in S and G(2)/M, while myeloid progenitors had an overall 56% increase in cells in the proliferative phase as zinc deficiency advanced. Whether zinc deficiency alters the rate of production of myeloid and lymphopoietic cells or alters the degree of apoptosis or both awaits further study.

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The Immune Response in Protein-Energy Malnutrition and Single Nutrient Deficiencies

Cited by 37 publications

References 125 publications

Undernutrition, infection and immune function

Undernutrition, infection and immune function

Interaction of early diet and the development of the immune system

Variations in the Cell Cycle Status of Lymphopoietic and Myelopoietic Cells Created by Zinc Deficiency

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