The identification of phosphatidylglycerol in the rat, rabbit, monkey and human lung

Absence of Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) in Respiratory Distress Syndrome in the Newborn

“…In the adult the second major phospholipid is, uniquely PG (20,31,33), whereas, in contrast to the earlier reports, phosphatidyl dimethylethanolamine (PDME) is absent. In the fetal rabbit PG is absent, appearing first at birth.…”

“…The identification of PDME in dog lung was first reported by Morgan et al (29) and presumptive verification made by Cluck et al (16). However, recent evidence (22,31,33) indicates that substantial amounts of P C and not PDME are present in adult and newborn surfactant. O n the other hand, present data on the distribution of P C essentially confirm the earlier primary findings of Cluck and associates, although the interpretation of the results is different.…”

Surfactant lipids regulate LPS-induced interleukin-8 production in A549 lung epithelial cells by inhibiting translocation of TLR4 into lipid raft domains

“…Moreover, in this study, the artifi cial surfactant preparations used are devoid of the hydrophilic proteins SP-A and SP-D and contain reduced amounts of the hydrophobic proteins SP-B and SP-C ( 39 ). Furthermore, we show that equivalent antiinfl ammatory activity was produced by the major surfactant phospholipid species, DPPC, at concentrations that have been measured for this lipid in natural surfactant ( 44,45 ). Previous studies, from our laboratories and others, have shown that DPPC has an immunoregulatory role on leukocytes ( 31-36, 40, 46 ).…”

“…DPPC alone also had a signifi cant suppressive effect on LPS-induced IL-8 production from A549 epithelial cells when used at concentration of >100 g/ml. For most of this work, a concentration of 500 g/ml DPPC, which is within the physiological ranges for surfactants ( 45,46 ) and showed a higher reduction of LPS-induced response, has been used. The comparable level of reduction in the level of LPSmediated IL-8 release was seen when Survanta® or Curosurf® were used at a concentration of 250 g/ml.…”

Lung surfactant dysfunction in tuberculosis: Effect of mycobacterial tubercular lipids on dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine surface activity

“…PG is the second most abundantly occurring phospholipid in lung surfactant and is known to aid DPPC adsorption to the air-aqueous interface [11]. Binary mixtures of DPPC:PG were hence also studied to evaluate the inhibitory potential of mycobacterial lipids.…”