The Icelandic and Nordic cervical screening programs, Trends in incidence and mortality rates through 1995

Abstract

Organized screening is more effective than spontaneous screening in reducing the risk of cervical cancer. Although differences in environmental, biological and ethnic factors may call for different screening strategies, screening should preferably start soon after age 20 with a screening interval of 2-3 years.

A case–control study of the protective benefit of cervical screening against invasive cervical cancer in NSW women

“…For example, age-adjusted cervical cancer incidence and mortality halved in the United States between 1975 and 2002 [3], and estimates of risk reductions in cervical cancer incidence and mortality range from 60-90% in several European countries [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Similar risk reductions have been shown in other countries with organized cervical screening programmes [11,12].…”

Trends in the incidence of cervical cancer and severe precancerous lesions in Denmark, 1997–2012

“…In the late 1960s, the Nordic countries were some of the first to introduce organized cervical cancer screening [11]. The screening was implemented to varying degrees across Denmark, and it was not until 2001 that most women aged 23-59 years were covered [12].…”

Decline in Cervical Cancer Incidence and Mortality in New South Wales in Relation to Control Activities (Australia)

“…A meta-analysis of published case-control and cohort studies has documented the effectiveness of regular cervical screening in preventing cancer of the cervix [3]. Evidence for effectiveness of screening in populations relies on studies of time trends in cervical cancer incidence and/or mortality in relation to the introduction and intensity of cervical screening, mainly from Nordic countries (Iceland [1,[4][5][6], Scandinavia [7], Finland [8]), Britain [9][10][11][12][13] and Canada [14]; and from studies of differentials in cervical cancer incidence or mortality between populations with different dates of introduction or intensities of cervical screening [15][16][17]. Two of these latter studies [4,5] contributed to the meta-analytic evidence [3], and the remainder are later confirmation of the benefits of cervical screening.…”