The Human Ear Canal

Perry, Eldon T.

doi:10.1001/archderm.1958.01560080114022

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…The only report in the literature describing such differences is one paper stating that blacks have welldeveloped ceruminous glands, but that such glands in Japanese people are sparse and modified (Perry, 1957). In the present study, we sought to learn if there are differences in the morphology of the secretory cells of the wet and dry types of human ceruminous glands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Morphological differences between secretory cells of wet and dry types of human ceruminous glands

et al. 1988

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Morphological differences between secretory cells of the wet and dry types of human ceruminous glands were examined. The heights of secretory cells varied from tall and medium to low in both wet- and dry-type glands. The two gland types differed in morphologic features of the tall cells and the cells of medium height. The Golgi apparatus was well developed in the tall cells and fairly well developed in the cells of medium height in the wet-type gland, whereas it was generally small in the corresponding cells of the dry type. Light granules were abundant in the tall cells and in the cells of medium height in the wet-type gland, whereas light granules were rare in these cells in the dry-type gland. Furthermore, the light granules in the wet-type gland cells were observed in close relation to a well-developed Golgi apparatus, and sometimes showed a morphologic appearance suggesting exocytosis. Apical protrusions, probably related to apocrine secretion, were generally large and round and bore "microvilli and light granules" or "very few microvilli and no light granules" in the tall cells of the wet-type gland. However, the protrusions of the tall cells of the dry-type gland were generally large and slender and possessed no microvilli and no granules. The protrusions were not observed in the cells of medium height or in low cells in either type of gland. The results show that eccrine secretion characterizes the wet-type gland, but it is not clearly evident in the dry-type gland. This differences may be related to differences in composition between the wet and dry cerumens.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Morphological differences between secretory cells of wet and dry types of human ceruminous glands

et al. 1988

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“…In children, the prevalence of occlusion due to excessive cerumen is estimated at about 10% (Roche et al, 1978;Bricco, 1985). Findings on prevalence rates in adults in the general population have varied considerably, but most studies have reported data averaging 5-8% (Perry, 1957;Hopkinson, 1981;Cooper 1985;Gleitman et al, 1992).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Ear Canal Occlusion on Pure-Tone Threshold Sensitivity

Roeser

Lai²,

Clark³

2005

J Am Acad Audiol

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This study sought to quantify the effects of varying the degree of ear canal occlusion on pure-tone threshold sensitivity. Thresholds were obtained from each ear of five normal-hearing adults without occlusion, with complete occlusion, and with partial occlusion estimated to be 40-60% and 60-80%. A commercial lubricant was used in the completely occluded condition to eliminate possible acoustic leakage. Results showed a reduction of threshold sensitivity in all occluded conditions, with the greatest effect in frequencies above 1000 Hz. Only in the completely occluded condition were frequencies below 1000 Hz affected. In the partially occluded conditions, thresholds decreased by an average 7.5 dB and 13.0 dB across frequency for the 40-60% and 60-80% conditions respectively. At frequencies above 1000 Hz, the average threshold shifts for the two partially occluded conditions were 10.0 dB and 16.8 dB respectively. The implications of these findings on routine pure-tone audiometric procedures, with specific relevance for industrial hearing conservation programs, are discussed.

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“…10,77,78 Perry suggested that the presence of foreign objects such as hearing aids and ear plugs can cause stimulation of cerumen glands, leading to excessive cerumen production and he termed this process "mechanical milking." 78 Coupled with the obstruction of the lateral canal by the presence of the aid, hearing aid users are at increased risk for cerumen impaction. Furthermore, the combination of cerumen impaction and hearing aid use may alter external auditory canal bacterial flora to include pathogens that can increase the risk of otitis externa.…”

Section: Supporting Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Practice Guideline (Update): Earwax (Cerumen Impaction)

Schwartz

Magit

Rosenfeld

et al. 2017

Otolaryngol.--head neck surg.

119

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Objective. This update of the 2008 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation cerumen impaction clinical practice guideline provides evidencebased recommendations on managing cerumen impaction. Cerumen impaction is defined as an accumulation of cerumen that causes symptoms, prevents assessment of the ear, or both. Changes from the prior guideline include• a consumer added to the development group;• new evidence (3 guidelines, 5 systematic reviews, and 6 randomized controlled trials); • enhanced information on patient education and counseling; • a new algorithm to clarify action statement relationships;• expanded action statement profiles to explicitly state quality improvement opportunities, confidence in the evidence, intentional vagueness, and differences of opinion; • an enhanced external review process to include public comment and journal peer review; and • 3 new key action statements on managing cerumen impaction that focus on primary prevention, contraindicated intervention, and referral and coordination of care.Purpose. The primary purpose of this guideline is to help clinicians identify patients with cerumen impaction who may benefit from intervention and to promote evidence-based management. Another purpose of the guideline is to highlight needs and management options in special populations or in patients who have modifying factors. The guideline is intended for all clinicians who are likely to diagnose and manage patients with cerumen impaction, and it applies to any setting in which cerumen impaction would be identified, monitored, or managed. The guideline does not apply to patients with cerumen impaction associated with the following conditions: dermatologic diseases of the ear canal; recurrent otitis externa; keratosis obturans; prior radiation therapy affecting the ear; previous tympanoplasty/myringoplasty, canal wall down mastoidectomy, or other surgery affecting the ear canal.Key Action Statements. The panel made a strong recommendation that clinicians should treat, or refer to a clinician who can treat, cerumen impaction, defined as an accumulation of cerumen that is associated with symptoms, prevents needed assessment of the ear, or both.The panel made the following recommendations: (1) Clinicians should explain proper ear hygiene to prevent cerumen impaction when patients have an accumulation of cerumen. (2) Clinicians should diagnose cerumen impaction when an accumulation of cerumen, as seen on otoscopy, is associated with symptoms, prevents needed assessment of the ear, or both. (3) Clinicians should assess the patient with cerumen impaction by history and/or physical examination for factors that modify management, such as ≥1 of the following: anticoagulant therapy, immunocompromised state, diabetes mellitus, prior radiation therapy to the head and neck, ear canal stenosis, exostoses, and nonintact tympanic membrane. (4) Clinicians should not routinely treat cerumen in patients who are asymptomatic and whose ears can be adequately examined. (5) Clinicians s...

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The Human Ear Canal

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Morphological differences between secretory cells of wet and dry types of human ceruminous glands

Morphological differences between secretory cells of wet and dry types of human ceruminous glands

Effect of Ear Canal Occlusion on Pure-Tone Threshold Sensitivity

Clinical Practice Guideline (Update): Earwax (Cerumen Impaction)

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