The homeostasis and therapeutic applications of innate and adaptive immune cells in periodontitis

Abstract

ObjectivesPeriodontitis (PD) is one of the most common dental disorders. This chronic oral inflammation is caused by complicated interrelations between bacterial infections, dysregulated immune reactions, and environmental risk factors. A dysregulated immune response can lead to inflammatory bone resorption by allowing the recruitment of pro‐inflammatory immune cells to the periodontal tissues.SubjectsThe recruitment of innate and adaptive immune cells in PD initiates the acute and following chronic inflammatory processes. The inflamed tissues, on the other hand, can be restored if the anti‐inflammatory lineages are predominantly established in the periodontal tissues. Therefore, we aimed to review the published literature to provide an overview of the existing knowledge about the role of immune cells in PD, as well as their possible therapeutic applications.ResultsExperimental studies showed that drugs/systems that negatively regulate inflammatory cells in the body, as well as interventions aimed at increasing the number of anti‐inflammatory cells such as Tregs and Bregs, can both help in the healing process of PD.ConclusionTargeting immune cells or their positive/negative manipulations has been demonstrated to be an effective therapeutic method. However, to use this sort of immunotherapy in humans, further pre‐clinical investigations, as well as randomized clinical trials, are required.

TIPE2 regulates periodontal inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB p65 phosphorylation

“…4,5 Studies have shown that both negative regulation of inflammatory cells and interventions aimed at increasing anti-inflammatory cells can assist in therapeutic applications for periodontitis. 6 Therefore, it is of interest to explore effective molecular targets for immune cell regulation.…”