The Hlagothi Complex: The identification of fragments from a Mesoarchaean large igneous province on the Kaapvaal Craton

Gumsley, Ashley; Kock, Michiel O. de; Rajesh, H.M.; Knoper, Michael; Söderlund, Ulf; Ernst, Richard E.

doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2012.06.007

Cited by 31 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…In addition, new U-Pb baddeleyite ages of ca. 2990-2978 Ma for the Usushwana Complex (Gumsley et al 2015) also contradicts the link tothe 2860 ± 20 Ma Millindina Complex, although it may be related to the Hlagothi Complex (Schmidt and Embleton, 1985;Gumsley et al, 2013).…”

Section: Vaalbara So Farmentioning

confidence: 88%

U–Pb geochronology and paleomagnetism of the Westerberg Sill Suite, Kaapvaal Craton – Support for a coherent Kaapvaal–Pilbara Block (Vaalbara) into the Paleoproterozoic?

Kampmann

Gumsley

Kock

2015

Precambrian Research

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Section: Vaalbara So Farmentioning

confidence: 88%

U–Pb geochronology and paleomagnetism of the Westerberg Sill Suite, Kaapvaal Craton – Support for a coherent Kaapvaal–Pilbara Block (Vaalbara) into the Paleoproterozoic?

Kampmann

Gumsley

Kock

2015

Precambrian Research

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“…1(B, C)). In chronological order, the oldest of these is a SE-trending and c. 2.9 Ga feeder swarm to Pongola Supergroup lavas Gumsley et al 2013Gumsley et al , 2015 that cuts across the exposed south-eastern part of the Kaapvaal Craton. A felsic lavas that probably are c. 2.2-2.0 Ga, followed by deformation and metamorphism along the Magondi Belt at c. 2.00-1.97 Ga (e.g., Master et al 2010).…”

Section: Dolerite Intrusions Across the Zimbabwe And Kaapvaal Cratonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Building on pioneering papers like Hanson et al (2004a) and Olsson et al (2010Olsson et al ( , 2011, this paper is the last in a more recent series of six companion papers that provide detailed accounts of prolonged and possibly episodic records of enhanced magmatism at c. 2.93-2.86 Ga (Gumsley et al 2013(Gumsley et al , 2015, c. 2.70-2.66 Ga (Gumsley et al this volume), c. 2.06 Ga (Wabo, Fig. 9(B), B. pre-1.8 Ga rocks across both the Zimbabwe and the Kaapvaal Craton, adjoined along the Limpopo Mobile Belt, and C. more details of exposed eastern part of the Kaapvaal Craton, as well as overlying eastern lobes of the Transvaal Supergroup and the Bushveld Complex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baddeleyite U–Pb ages and gechemistry of the 1875–1835 Ma Black Hills Dyke Swarm across north-eastern South Africa: part of a trans-Kalahari Craton back-arc setting?

Olsson

Klausen

Hamilton

et al. 2015

GFF

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Abstract:Eleven new baddeleyite U-Pb crystallisation ages and associated whole-rock geochemistry on NE-NNEtrending tholeiitic dykes cutting across the north-eastern corner of the Archaean Kaapvaal Craton, the overlying Transvaal basin and the Bushveld and Phalaborwa igneous complexes collective-ly define a 1875-1835 Ma Black Hills Dyke Swarm (BHDS). Dyke ages do not discriminate between dyke trends or geographic location, but subdivide the BHDS into an older set of four more primitive dykes (MgO = 9.4-6.8 wt.%) and a younger set of seven dykes with more differentiated compositions (MgO = 5.6-4.2 wt.%). Despite being emplaced over a c. 40 Myr period, major element compositions are remarkably consistent with a single inversely modelled bulk fractionating assemblage of 57.5% plagi-oclase, 29.5% augite and 13.0% olivine. This fractionating assemblage requires an additional assimilation of bulk continental crust (at a low rvalue of 0.2) for reversed modelling of parental rare earth elements. Even though this crustal assimilation indicates that primary magmas could potentially have been derived from a spinel-bearing ambient primordial and asthenospheric mantle source, anomalously low Nb and high Pb values for the more primitive older dykes may also have been inherited from a sub-continental lithospheric mantle source. The ages for the BHDS bridge a gap between c. 1889 and 1867 Ma mafic sills and c. 1830 Ma rhyodacitic pyroclasts, interbedded in the top of a ~3 km-thick Sibasa basalt sequence, which combine into a continuous c. 1.89-1.83 Ga igneous province. Similar geochemical signatures are consistent with all sills, volcanic rocks and BHDS feeders collectively belonging to a very voluminous and coherent igneous province, which arguably formed behind active Magondi and Okwa-Kheis arcs, along the western margin of the proto-Kalahari Craton.

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“…These dikes are temporally and spatially associated with the Nsuze Group of the Pongola Supergroup and the Piet Retief Suite of the Usushwana Complex Gumsley et al, 2015). Further mafic magmatism was manifest later in a mafic sill province hosted within the Pongola Supergroup, which includes the 2866 ± 2 Ma Hlagothi Complex (Gumsley et al, 2013;. The Modipe Complex was then emplaced at 2784 ± 1 Ma ( Fig.…”

Section: Regional Geologymentioning

confidence: 97%

Neoarchean large igneous provinces on the Kaapvaal Craton in southern Africa re-define the formation of the Ventersdorp Supergroup and its temporal equivalents

et al. 2020

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U-Pb geochronology on baddeleyite is a powerful technique that can be applied effectively to chronostratigraphy. In southern Africa, the Kaapvaal Craton hosts a wellpreserved Mesoarchean to Paleoproterozoic geological record, including the Neoarchean Ventersdorp Supergroup. It overlies the Witwatersrand Supergroup and its world-class gold deposits. The Ventersdorp Supergroup comprises the Klipriviersberg Group, Platberg Group, and Pniel Group. However, the exact timing of formation of the Ventersdorp Supergroup is controversial. Here we present 2789 ± 4 Ma and 2787 ± 2 Ma U-Pb isotope dilution-thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS) baddeleyite ages and geochemistry on mafic sills intruding the Witwatersrand Supergroup, and we interpret these sills as feeders to the overlying Klipriviersberg Group flood basalts. This constrains the age of the Witwatersrand Supergroup and gold mineralization to at least ca. 2.79 Ga. We also report 2729 ± 5 Ma and 2724 ± 7 Ma U-Pb ID-TIMS baddeleyite ages and geochemistry from a mafic sill intruding the Pongola Supergroup and on an east-northeast-trending mafic dike, respectively. These new ages distinguish two of the Ventersdorp Supergroup magmatic events: the Klipriviersberg and Platberg. The Ventersdorp Supergroup can now be shown to initiate and terminate with two large ig-neous provinces (LIPs), the Klipriviersberg and Allanridge, which are separated by Platberg volcanism and sedimentation. The age of the Klipriviersberg LIP is 2791-2779 Ma, and Platberg volcanism occurred at 2754-2709 Ma. The Allanridge LIP occurred between 2709-2683 Ma. Klipriviersberg, Platberg, and Allanridge magmatism may be genetically related to mantle plume(s). Higher heat flow and crustal melting resulted as a mantle plume impinged below the Kaapvaal Craton lithosphere, and this was associated with rifting and the formation of LIPs.

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The Hlagothi Complex: The identification of fragments from a Mesoarchaean large igneous province on the Kaapvaal Craton

Cited by 31 publications

References 55 publications

U–Pb geochronology and paleomagnetism of the Westerberg Sill Suite, Kaapvaal Craton – Support for a coherent Kaapvaal–Pilbara Block (Vaalbara) into the Paleoproterozoic?

U–Pb geochronology and paleomagnetism of the Westerberg Sill Suite, Kaapvaal Craton – Support for a coherent Kaapvaal–Pilbara Block (Vaalbara) into the Paleoproterozoic?

Baddeleyite U–Pb ages and gechemistry of the 1875–1835 Ma Black Hills Dyke Swarm across north-eastern South Africa: part of a trans-Kalahari Craton back-arc setting?

Neoarchean large igneous provinces on the Kaapvaal Craton in southern Africa re-define the formation of the Ventersdorp Supergroup and its temporal equivalents

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