The Histology of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Bundles and Bundle Defects

Two-Photon Autofluorescence Imaging Reveals Cellular Structures Throughout the Retina of the Living Primate Eye

“…It is known that processes of Müller cells wrap around ganglion cell axons to form glial tunnels that package the axons into nerve fiber bundles. 69 – 72 Our findings are consistent with studies on two-photon imaging of freshly isolated frog retina that also have indicated that the autofluorescence from Müller cell processes is greater than that from all other cell types present in the inner retina. 55 We observed that, although nerve fibers emit fluorescence, it was comparatively weaker.…”

Two-Photon Autofluorescence Imaging Reveals Cellular Structures Throughout the Retina of the Living Primate Eye

“…It is known that processes of Müller cells wrap around ganglion cell axons to form glial tunnels that package the axons into nerve fiber bundles. 69 – 72 Our findings are consistent with studies on two-photon imaging of freshly isolated frog retina that also have indicated that the autofluorescence from Müller cell processes is greater than that from all other cell types present in the inner retina. 55 We observed that, although nerve fibers emit fluorescence, it was comparatively weaker.…”

Evaluation of Parapapillary Choroidal Microvasculature Dropout and Progressive Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thinning in Patients With Glaucoma

“…On the other hand, the association of a thicker RNFL at baseline with the rate of RNFL thinning has also been found in previous studies . The RNFL thickness reportedly does not go less than approximately 40 μm, even in patients with total axon loss, because of the presence of supportive tissue . Thus, the rate of RNFL thinning would be slower in locations with a thinner RNFL.…”

Visible-Light Optical Coherence Tomography Fibergraphy of the Tree Shrew Retinal Ganglion Cell Axon Bundles

“…Our fibergram images from the tree shrew retina revealed an RGC axon bundle pattern that was more similar to primates than rodents. In tree shrews, the bundles showed a higher density throughout most of the retina, which is consistent with the high bundle density in primates [32,33]. By contrast, the rodent retina consists of bundles that form a sparsely distributed monolayer throughout the retina [5,15,16].…”

“…Given that (1) the differentiation of RGCs begins in the central retina, more cells are added peripherally in a roughly concentric fashion [34][35][36], and (2) axons elongate on the inner surface of the retina, a favorable growth environment during early development [37,38], axons from central retina will occupy the space close to the inner surface and axons from peripheral retina will be squeezed toward the deeper space in the RNFL. This is also observed in cross-sectional images of bundles in healthy rhesus monkey retinas [30,32].…”

Two-Photon Autofluorescence Imaging Reveals Cellular Structures Throughout the Retina of the Living Primate Eye

“…It is known that processes of Müller cells wrap around ganglion cell axons to form glial tunnels that package the axons into nerve fiber bundles. 69 – 72 Our findings are consistent with studies on two-photon imaging of freshly isolated frog retina that also have indicated that the autofluorescence from Müller cell processes is greater than that from all other cell types present in the inner retina. 55 We observed that, although nerve fibers emit fluorescence, it was comparatively weaker.…”

Evaluation of Parapapillary Choroidal Microvasculature Dropout and Progressive Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thinning in Patients With Glaucoma

“…On the other hand, the association of a thicker RNFL at baseline with the rate of RNFL thinning has also been found in previous studies . The RNFL thickness reportedly does not go less than approximately 40 μm, even in patients with total axon loss, because of the presence of supportive tissue . Thus, the rate of RNFL thinning would be slower in locations with a thinner RNFL.…”

Visible-Light Optical Coherence Tomography Fibergraphy of the Tree Shrew Retinal Ganglion Cell Axon Bundles

“…Our fibergram images from the tree shrew retina revealed an RGC axon bundle pattern that was more similar to primates than rodents. In tree shrews, the bundles showed a higher density throughout most of the retina, which is consistent with the high bundle density in primates [32,33]. By contrast, the rodent retina consists of bundles that form a sparsely distributed monolayer throughout the retina [5,15,16].…”

“…Given that (1) the differentiation of RGCs begins in the central retina, more cells are added peripherally in a roughly concentric fashion [34][35][36], and (2) axons elongate on the inner surface of the retina, a favorable growth environment during early development [37,38], axons from central retina will occupy the space close to the inner surface and axons from peripheral retina will be squeezed toward the deeper space in the RNFL. This is also observed in cross-sectional images of bundles in healthy rhesus monkey retinas [30,32].…”

Two-Photon Autofluorescence Imaging Reveals Cellular Structures Throughout the Retina of the Living Primate Eye

“…It is known that processes of Müller cells wrap around ganglion cell axons to form glial tunnels that package the axons into nerve fiber bundles. 69 – 72 Our findings are consistent with studies on two-photon imaging of freshly isolated frog retina that also have indicated that the autofluorescence from Müller cell processes is greater than that from all other cell types present in the inner retina. 55 We observed that, although nerve fibers emit fluorescence, it was comparatively weaker.…”

Evaluation of Parapapillary Choroidal Microvasculature Dropout and Progressive Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thinning in Patients With Glaucoma

“…On the other hand, the association of a thicker RNFL at baseline with the rate of RNFL thinning has also been found in previous studies . The RNFL thickness reportedly does not go less than approximately 40 μm, even in patients with total axon loss, because of the presence of supportive tissue . Thus, the rate of RNFL thinning would be slower in locations with a thinner RNFL.…”

Visible-Light Optical Coherence Tomography Fibergraphy of the Tree Shrew Retinal Ganglion Cell Axon Bundles

“…Our fibergram images from the tree shrew retina revealed an RGC axon bundle pattern that was more similar to primates than rodents. In tree shrews, the bundles showed a higher density throughout most of the retina, which is consistent with the high bundle density in primates [32,33]. By contrast, the rodent retina consists of bundles that form a sparsely distributed monolayer throughout the retina [5,15,16].…”

“…Given that (1) the differentiation of RGCs begins in the central retina, more cells are added peripherally in a roughly concentric fashion [34][35][36], and (2) axons elongate on the inner surface of the retina, a favorable growth environment during early development [37,38], axons from central retina will occupy the space close to the inner surface and axons from peripheral retina will be squeezed toward the deeper space in the RNFL. This is also observed in cross-sectional images of bundles in healthy rhesus monkey retinas [30,32].…”