The Hematopoietic System

Paraneoplastic leukocytosis in a dog following liposarcoma resection

“…A paraneoplastic leukaemoid reaction (PLR) is defined as a white blood cell count greater than which of the following values? Widely accepted value referenced in, 4 which is also extrapolated from human medical literature.…”

“…3 In people, a paraneoplastic leukaemoid reaction (PLR) is uncommon and is defined by a white blood cell count (WBC count) of greater than 50 × 10 9 /L in the presence of a solid tumour that is not infiltrating the bone marrow. 4 This is often, but not always, accompanied by a left shift neutrophilia. PLR is predominantly driven by signifi-cant upregulation of the myelopoietic cytokines G-CSF and GM-CSF.…”

“…Granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF) is a myelopoietic cytokine, which along with others (such as granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor [GM‐CSF], IL‐1, IL‐3, IL‐6 and TNF‐α) has previously been reported to be significantly upregulated in leukaemoid paraneoplastic syndromes in a number of cancers in people, including sarcomas, carcinomas, mesotheliomas and melanomas 3 . In people, a paraneoplastic leukaemoid reaction (PLR) is uncommon and is defined by a white blood cell count (WBC count) of greater than 50 × 10 9 /L in the presence of a solid tumour that is not infiltrating the bone marrow 4 . This is often, but not always, accompanied by a left shift neutrophilia.…”