“…Several antimicrobial surfaces have been described in the literature, including non-antibiotic antimicrobial agents such as silver, salicylic acid, quaternary ammonium compounds, phenol derivatives, chlorhexidine and nitric oxide [3,5,13,33]. However, many of these compounds are associated with anaphylaxis, cytotoxicity or low efficiency [5,13]. These limiting aspects prompt the use of true antibiotics such as vancomycin, tobramycin, cefalozin, teicoplanin, carbenicillin, amoxicillin, penicillin, ampicillin and gentamicin [3,[34][35][36][37], through two different strategies: substance-releasing coating and substance covalent immobilization.…”