The granaries of vumba: Structural interpretation of a khami period commoner site

An archaeological study of the Zimbabwe Culture capital of Khami, southwestern Zimbabwe

“…The role of cattle in the domestic economies in precolonial Zimbabwe has been explicated by a number of scholars (Garlake 1973;Mudenge 1974;1988;Beach 1980;Hall 1986). …”

“…However, historical documents by the Portuguese attest to the local manufacturing of cloth in southern Africa (Mudenge 1974;1988;Beach 1980). In his analysis of Portuguese documents and records, Huffman (1971) noted that it appears that the production of cotton in the region preceded the arrival of the Portuguese, as they reported an activity that they found already in progress.…”

“…The important role of domestic animals in precolonial southern Africa has been particularly emphasised. This is seen at Great Zimbabwe (Garlake 1978;Beach 1980;Thorp 1995), in the Shashe-Limpopo valley (Voigt 1983;Manyanga 2000; and the Mutapa state (Mudenge 1974;1988;Beach 1980) among many others.…”

“…The Mutapa state (AD 1450(AD -1900 was based in northern Zimbabwe and its adjacent lowlands (Mudenge 1988;Pikirayi 1993;Pwiti 1996). Our understanding of the development of the Mutapa state is much broader, since Portuguese traders who ventured into northern Zimbabwe left written records that have been synthesised by a number of historians working on the Mutapa state (Mudenge 1974;1988;Beach 1980;Randles 1981). The settlements of the Mutapa state are similar in nature and form to those found at Great Zimbabwe.…”

An archaeological study of the Zimbabwe Culture capital of Khami, southwestern Zimbabwe

“…The role of cattle in the domestic economies in precolonial Zimbabwe has been explicated by a number of scholars (Garlake 1973;Mudenge 1974;1988;Beach 1980;Hall 1986). …”

“…However, historical documents by the Portuguese attest to the local manufacturing of cloth in southern Africa (Mudenge 1974;1988;Beach 1980). In his analysis of Portuguese documents and records, Huffman (1971) noted that it appears that the production of cotton in the region preceded the arrival of the Portuguese, as they reported an activity that they found already in progress.…”

“…The important role of domestic animals in precolonial southern Africa has been particularly emphasised. This is seen at Great Zimbabwe (Garlake 1978;Beach 1980;Thorp 1995), in the Shashe-Limpopo valley (Voigt 1983;Manyanga 2000; and the Mutapa state (Mudenge 1974;1988;Beach 1980) among many others.…”

“…The Mutapa state (AD 1450(AD -1900 was based in northern Zimbabwe and its adjacent lowlands (Mudenge 1988;Pikirayi 1993;Pwiti 1996). Our understanding of the development of the Mutapa state is much broader, since Portuguese traders who ventured into northern Zimbabwe left written records that have been synthesised by a number of historians working on the Mutapa state (Mudenge 1974;1988;Beach 1980;Randles 1981). The settlements of the Mutapa state are similar in nature and form to those found at Great Zimbabwe.…”

Osteological and stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) analysis of faunal remains from Khami, Zimbabwe

“…Previous excavations at Khami have identified a wide variety of animal species, including both wild and domesticated fauna. However, a predisposition towards cattle and caprines seems evident in settlement areas (see Robinson 1959: 166;Thorp 1984aThorp , 1984bThorp , 1995van Waarden 1987van Waarden , 1989. In her comparative analysis of faunal remains from Khami and Great Zimbabwe, Thorp demonstrated that a larger array of species, including more wild game, was consumed at Khami compared to Great Zimbabwe (Thorp 1995: 58).…”

An archaeological study of the Zimbabwe Culture capital of Khami, southwestern Zimbabwe

“…The role of cattle in the domestic economies in precolonial Zimbabwe has been explicated by a number of scholars (Garlake 1973;Mudenge 1974;1988;Beach 1980;Hall 1986). …”

“…However, historical documents by the Portuguese attest to the local manufacturing of cloth in southern Africa (Mudenge 1974;1988;Beach 1980). In his analysis of Portuguese documents and records, Huffman (1971) noted that it appears that the production of cotton in the region preceded the arrival of the Portuguese, as they reported an activity that they found already in progress.…”

“…The important role of domestic animals in precolonial southern Africa has been particularly emphasised. This is seen at Great Zimbabwe (Garlake 1978;Beach 1980;Thorp 1995), in the Shashe-Limpopo valley (Voigt 1983;Manyanga 2000; and the Mutapa state (Mudenge 1974;1988;Beach 1980) among many others.…”

“…The Mutapa state (AD 1450(AD -1900 was based in northern Zimbabwe and its adjacent lowlands (Mudenge 1988;Pikirayi 1993;Pwiti 1996). Our understanding of the development of the Mutapa state is much broader, since Portuguese traders who ventured into northern Zimbabwe left written records that have been synthesised by a number of historians working on the Mutapa state (Mudenge 1974;1988;Beach 1980;Randles 1981). The settlements of the Mutapa state are similar in nature and form to those found at Great Zimbabwe.…”

Osteological and stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) analysis of faunal remains from Khami, Zimbabwe

“…Previous excavations at Khami have identified a wide variety of animal species, including both wild and domesticated fauna. However, a predisposition towards cattle and caprines seems evident in settlement areas (see Robinson 1959: 166;Thorp 1984aThorp , 1984bThorp , 1995van Waarden 1987van Waarden , 1989. In her comparative analysis of faunal remains from Khami and Great Zimbabwe, Thorp demonstrated that a larger array of species, including more wild game, was consumed at Khami compared to Great Zimbabwe (Thorp 1995: 58).…”

An archaeological study of the Zimbabwe Culture capital of Khami, southwestern Zimbabwe

“…The role of cattle in the domestic economies in precolonial Zimbabwe has been explicated by a number of scholars (Garlake 1973;Mudenge 1974;1988;Beach 1980;Hall 1986). …”

“…However, historical documents by the Portuguese attest to the local manufacturing of cloth in southern Africa (Mudenge 1974;1988;Beach 1980). In his analysis of Portuguese documents and records, Huffman (1971) noted that it appears that the production of cotton in the region preceded the arrival of the Portuguese, as they reported an activity that they found already in progress.…”

“…The important role of domestic animals in precolonial southern Africa has been particularly emphasised. This is seen at Great Zimbabwe (Garlake 1978;Beach 1980;Thorp 1995), in the Shashe-Limpopo valley (Voigt 1983;Manyanga 2000; and the Mutapa state (Mudenge 1974;1988;Beach 1980) among many others.…”

“…The Mutapa state (AD 1450(AD -1900 was based in northern Zimbabwe and its adjacent lowlands (Mudenge 1988;Pikirayi 1993;Pwiti 1996). Our understanding of the development of the Mutapa state is much broader, since Portuguese traders who ventured into northern Zimbabwe left written records that have been synthesised by a number of historians working on the Mutapa state (Mudenge 1974;1988;Beach 1980;Randles 1981). The settlements of the Mutapa state are similar in nature and form to those found at Great Zimbabwe.…”

Osteological and stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) analysis of faunal remains from Khami, Zimbabwe

“…Previous excavations at Khami have identified a wide variety of animal species, including both wild and domesticated fauna. However, a predisposition towards cattle and caprines seems evident in settlement areas (see Robinson 1959: 166;Thorp 1984aThorp , 1984bThorp , 1995van Waarden 1987van Waarden , 1989. In her comparative analysis of faunal remains from Khami and Great Zimbabwe, Thorp demonstrated that a larger array of species, including more wild game, was consumed at Khami compared to Great Zimbabwe (Thorp 1995: 58).…”