The governance of smart mobility

Docherty, Iain; Marsden, Greg; Anable, Jillian

doi:10.1016/j.tra.2017.09.012

Cited by 256 publications

(215 citation statements)

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“…The big data issues around smart mobility are also closely linked to issues of governance (Docherty, Marsden, and Anable 2018), indicating why it is important to work with policy documents, as this article does. The urgency of utopian methods in this area is even clearer when we consider how late and slow policy responses to counteracting automobility have beenunderlining the urgency of 'thinking through how state action and public policy will need to change to take account of the implications of the transition to a "Smart Mobility" future' (Docherty, Marsden, and Anable 2018, 115).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The urgency of utopian methods in this area is even clearer when we consider how late and slow policy responses to counteracting automobility have beenunderlining the urgency of 'thinking through how state action and public policy will need to change to take account of the implications of the transition to a "Smart Mobility" future' (Docherty, Marsden, and Anable 2018, 115). With the technology sector being the driving force, where the focus is more in selling 'smart' products than reducing mobility (Docherty, Marsden, and Anable 2018), it is important to also regard the smart mobility transition as a 'major policy opportunity' and to ask 'whose voices are heard in the Smart Mobility Debate?' (Marsden and Reardon 2018, 1, 8), something this article examines for EU policy documents by looking at keywords relevant to automobility and to cycling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mobility and data: cycling the utopian Internet of Things

Behrendt

2019

Mobilities

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This article explores how cycling is currently considered in European policy documents related to transport aspects of the Internet of Things (IoT), what kind of representation of cycling can be imagined for utopian EC IoT policies documents, and how a combination of empirical policy analysis and a utopian approach could inform future policy and research. Debates around smart/intelligent/data mobilities and the IoTincluding policy debatestend to be dominated by motorized modes such as autonomous and networked cars. This article explores the implications of this for more sustainable and active modes such as cycling, both for current policies and for utopian thinking. It draws on literature concerned with utopian thinking, mobilities studies and critical data studies. The methodology combines a content analysis and a visual analysis of the EC policy documents with creating text and images for utopian future versions of these documents. The results show the heavy automotive focus of EC IoT policy documents and suggest an alternative bicyclefocussed IoT utopia. The conclusion facilitates a debate around utopian societies where smart cycling products, infrastructure, policy and funding facilitate sustainable, active and data-responsible mobility at scale. This challenges the current continuation of automobile cultures in smart mobility and IoT policy discourses, and the data and associated power asymmetries between cars and cycling that highlight the significance of this research. ARTICLE HISTORYa different critical direction: bringing active transport into the data-centred planning process; making cycling central to IoT debates and policies. Utopian thinking is important in this process, as to not just identify how marginalised active modes of transport are in current policy debates, but to also suggest alternative future policies where cycling takes centre stage in smart mobility and IoT discourses and the policy landscape, and also to highlight the sharp contrast to current state of affairs, and as provocation to the car-centric approaches of those engaging in these discourses and policies. The benefits of cycling-focussed mobility over automobile-focussed mobility have been discussed at length in the academic literature (e.g. Pucher and Buehler 2017; Fishman 2016), including positive impacts at individual and societal level on health, sociability, urban development, air pollution, CO2 emissions, energy, safety, congestion, etc.Specifically, the article asks: How is cycling currently considered in European policy documents related to transport aspects of the Internet of Things (IoT)? What kind of representation of cycling can be imagined for utopian EC IoT policies documents? How could a combination of empirical policy analysis and a utopian approach inform future policy and research?The first part of the article draws on the literature on utopian thinking, mobilities studies and critical data studies, next, the methodology explains the textual and visual analysis of the EC policy document and the creating of utopi...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobility and data: cycling the utopian Internet of Things

Behrendt

2019

Mobilities

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“…According to Docherty et al (2017), "because mobility is a system, many different potential 'Smart Mobility' futures exist, even for any given package of technological innovations" (p. 3). Such futures, they argue, are already in the making, and thus decisions that currently may seem "trivial and experimental" may lead to irreversible systemic changes (ibid., p.7).…”

Section: Tensions Within and Between Cycling Futuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter is increasingly imagined as a seamless service whereby the customary distinctions between public/private and collective/individual start to disappear, e.g. through the mobility-as-a-service paradigm (Docherty et al, 2017). While currently most hype is centred on driverless vehicles, smart cycling technologies are also attracting interest from communities, businesses and decision-makers, at urban, national and transnational governance levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart cycling futures: Charting a new terrain and moving towards a research agenda

Николаева

Brömmelstroet

Raven

et al. 2019

Journal of Transport Geography

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Smart cycling futures: Charting a new terrain and moving towards a research agenda Nikolaeva, A.; te Brömmelstroet, M.; Raven, R.; Ranson, J. A B S T R A C TThe future of cycling is about to change. At least, this is apparent if we are to believe the multitude of innovators, start-ups, incumbent industries, policy actors and consultants proposing to harness the power of digital techniques to improve and transform cycling experiences, infrastructures, and gadgets. This 'smartification of cycling' is a phenomenon that is increasingly attracting attention and a variety of interests, fuelled both by the processes of transitioning to smart mobility and a boom of attention to cycling in cities worldwide. However, proposed cycling futures, both implicit and explicit, receive little critical scrutiny. Here, we fill this gap by mapping smart cycling innovations and their key features. We examine how innovations are believed to change the way cycling is practiced, made sense of and governed. Using a constructivist grounded theory approach, we analyse 86 website texts of smart cycling innovations and systematically outline changes envisioned by innovators. Having identified tensions between and within a range of promised futures, we conclude that smart cycling futures are multiple and contested, just as cycling presents are. Therefore, we propose a number of questions for further research to advance a more nuanced understanding of the range of futures of smart cycling in academic thinking and potentially to support decision-making at different levels of governance. Understanding diverse, contested, embodied and embedded cycling presents is part and parcel of imagining and co-creating (smart) cycling futures. nected helmets, connected bicycles, smart glasses and other accessories, https://doi.

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“…Algorithms' independence from human input and ML's data-driven nature allows AVs to significantly reduce or eliminate human errors that have been responsible for 90% of road fatalities, such as speeding, alcohol impairment, distractions and induced fear [25,26].However, an overemphasis on technological solutions alone for economic development could risk neglecting social and environmental considerations and thus hinder true "smartness" [27]. Scholars have cautioned against rushing to develop smart mobility solutions such as AVs without being prepared to manage their potential "negative externalities" [1,28]. In particular, issues in algorithmic decision-making in AVs can have undesirable effects on safety and equity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Algorithmic Decision-Making in AVs: Understanding Ethical and Technical Concerns for Smart Cities

Lim

Taeihagh

2019

Sustainability

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Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) are increasingly embraced around the world to advance smart mobility and more broadly, smart, and sustainable cities. Algorithms form the basis of decision-making in AVs, allowing them to perform driving tasks autonomously, efficiently, and more safely than human drivers and offering various economic, social, and environmental benefits. However, algorithmic decision-making in AVs can also introduce new issues that create new safety risks and perpetuate discrimination. We identify bias, ethics, and perverse incentives as key ethical issues in the AV algorithms' decision-making that can create new safety risks and discriminatory outcomes. Technical issues in the AVs' perception, decision-making and control algorithms, limitations of existing AV testing and verification methods, and cybersecurity vulnerabilities can also undermine the performance of the AV system. This article investigates the ethical and technical concerns surrounding algorithmic decision-making in AVs by exploring how driving decisions can perpetuate discrimination and create new safety risks for the public. We discuss steps taken to address these issues, highlight the existing research gaps and the need to mitigate these issues through the design of AV's algorithms and of policies and regulations to fully realise AVs' benefits for smart and sustainable cities.Sustainability 2019, 11, 5791 2 of 28 surroundings and algorithms that process the data, make, and execute driving decisions through the vehicle's actuators. The quality of data retrieved by the AV's sensors is critical for decision-making [21], and the efficiency, precision and reliability of decision-making algorithms allows AVs to surpass the typical human driver in performing driving tasks [22]. A major component in AVs is machine-learning (ML) [23] algorithms that continuously learn and adapt to new information, which is essential for responding to unexpected situations and providing on-demand transportation services [24]. Algorithms' independence from human input and ML's data-driven nature allows AVs to significantly reduce or eliminate human errors that have been responsible for 90% of road fatalities, such as speeding, alcohol impairment, distractions and induced fear [25,26].However, an overemphasis on technological solutions alone for economic development could risk neglecting social and environmental considerations and thus hinder true "smartness" [27]. Scholars have cautioned against rushing to develop smart mobility solutions such as AVs without being prepared to manage their potential "negative externalities" [1,28]. In particular, issues in algorithmic decision-making in AVs can have undesirable effects on safety and equity. Firstly, data mining processes in AVs are susceptible to biases that lead algorithms to prioritise the safety of certain groups of road users over others and thus, perpetuate discrimination [29,30]. Secondly, many scholars stress the need to design algorithms with ethical considerations to ensure that AVs make ethical driving dec...

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The governance of smart mobility

Cited by 256 publications

References 35 publications

Mobility and data: cycling the utopian Internet of Things

Mobility and data: cycling the utopian Internet of Things

Smart cycling futures: Charting a new terrain and moving towards a research agenda

Algorithmic Decision-Making in AVs: Understanding Ethical and Technical Concerns for Smart Cities

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