2020
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abc623
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## Abstract:The dynamical stability of disk galaxies is sensitive to whether their anomalous rotation curves are caused by dark matter halos or Milgromian dynamics (MOND). We investigate this by setting up a MOND model of M33. We first simulate it in isolation for 6 Gyr, starting from an initial good match to the rotation curve (RC). Too large a bar and bulge form when the gas is too hot, but this is avoided by reducing the gas temperature. A strong bar still forms in 1 Gyr, but rapidly weakens and becomes consistent with… Show more

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##### Cited by 32 publications
(125 citation statements)
##### References 138 publications
(125 reference statements)
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“…In our simulations, we see that the bar amplitude starts to decrease after a sharp maximum, and then stays almost constant. Observationally, this means that MOND predicts very strong bars for some spiral galaxies, but weakly barred galaxies are also expected (see also Banik et al 2020).…”
Section: Fourier Amplitudementioning
confidence: 87%
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“…In our simulations, we see that the bar amplitude starts to decrease after a sharp maximum, and then stays almost constant. Observationally, this means that MOND predicts very strong bars for some spiral galaxies, but weakly barred galaxies are also expected (see also Banik et al 2020).…”
Section: Fourier Amplitudementioning
confidence: 87%
“…por has previously been used to investigate polar ring galaxies (Lüghausen et al 2013), shell galaxies (Bílek et al 2015), and the tidal streams of Sagittarius (Thomas et al 2017) and Palomar 5 (Thomas et al 2018). Recently, it was used in hydrodynamical simulations of collapsing gas clouds to naturally yield exponential disc galaxies (Wittenburg et al 2020), and to obtain a quite realistic morphology for M33 after secularly evolving it for 10 Gyr (Banik et al 2020). Galaxy interactions have also been simulated in por with hydrodynamics (Renaud et al 2016) and without it (Bílek et al 2018).…”
Section: Mond Simulations With Phantom Of Ramsesmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…(11). The main exception to this rule is the possible influence by neighbouring mass distributions through the external field effect (EFE), predicted by Milgrom (1983) and studied analytically, observationally and in simulations by Banik & Zhao (2018), Banik et al (2020), Chae et al (2020). Since we explicitly selected isolated galaxies in this work (see Appendix A), this effect is minimised as much as possible.…”
Section: The Rar With Modified Newtonian Dynamicsmentioning
confidence: 99%