The genus Simplicillium and Emericellopsis: A review of phytochemistry and pharmacology

Abstract

The demand for novel and improved medicine from biological sources to cater to the biopharmaceutical sector has increased significantly in recent years. Among the vast and miscellaneous microbial diversity, fungi provide a prolific source of structurally unique and biologically active secondary metabolites. Natural products obtained from fungi have reformed the era of biomedicine, providing effective drugs that have diverse healing potential. In this review, we focus on the isolation, chemical structure, and bioactivity of biomolecules that have been identified and studied for the first time. Further, we also explain in substantial detail that how the vast uninvestigated Emericellopsis and Simplicillium species may serve as a potential treasure trove of chemically diverse compounds.

New Antibacterial Peptaibiotics against Plant and Fish Pathogens from the Deep-Sea-Derived Fungus Simplicillium obclavatum EIODSF 020

“…The 2D NMR data analysis (Figure S121) and the MS 2 data (Figures S53 and S61 S9). Considering the 2D NMR data and MS 2 (Figures S69 and S77) fragment ion at m/z 1708 (b 18 ), 7 and 8 were assigned as the 19-residue analogues of 5 and 6 with an extra Ala 19 residue at the C-terminus, respectively. S8) for 9 showed similarities with those of 5, except for the loss of a phenolic hydroxyl proton from the Tyr residue, and the chemical shift migration of some signals around the second to the fifth residues in 9.…”

“…10−14 These secondary structures can affect the ion channels formation and endow peptaibiotics with membrane permeabilizing properties, which are related to their biological functions, 15,16 such as antibiotic and neuroactive activities. Plenty of natural peptaibiotics were biosynthesized by nonribosomal peptide synthetase pathway and discovered from fungi, 17 especially the species of genera Trichoderma, 18 Emericellopsis, 19 Acremonium, 20 Gliocladium, 21 Hypocrea, 22 and Cephalosporium. 23 In agriculture, some of these fungi are biocontrol strains, so the peptaibiotics derived from them are usually applied in controlling plant diseases.…”

Antibacterial metabolites from an unexplored strain of marine fungiEmericellopsis minimaand determination of the probable mode of action againstStaphylococcus aureusand methicillin‐resistantS. aureus

“…19 Only a few reports are available on the isolation of anti-MRSA compounds from Emericellopsis sp. [20][21][22] and it is yet to be thoroughly investigated for the discovery of novel compounds. Moreover, isolation of anti-MRSA compounds from Indian marine environments has not been reported so far.…”

“…are ubiquitous in the marine environment and can exist under extreme conditions such as temperature, pressure, salinity, and pH 19 . Only a few reports are available on the isolation of anti‐MRSA compounds from Emericellopsis sp 20–22 . and it is yet to be thoroughly investigated for the discovery of novel compounds.…”

Genomic and Metabolomic Analyses of the Marine Fungus Emericellopsis cladophorae: Insights into Saltwater Adaptability Mechanisms and Its Biosynthetic Potential

“…It has been demonstrated that species of Emericellopsis are important sources of bioactive metabolites, such as peptaibols with antibacterial and antifungal activities [8,9]. The Norine database [10], which is dedicated to non-ribosomal peptide synthases (NRPS), includes some of these compounds: the antiamoebins I-XI from E. salmosynnemata and E. synnematicola, the bergofungins A-D from E. donezkii, the emerimicins II-IV from E. microspora and E. minima, the heptaibin from Emericellopsis sp.…”