The Genomics of Colletotrichum

Crouch, Jo Anne; O’Connell, Richard J.; Gan, Pamela; Buiate, Ester Alvarenga Santos; Torres, María Fernanda; Beirn, Lisa A.; Shirasu, Ken; Vaillancourt, Lisa J.

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-44053-7_3

Cited by 57 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 239 publications

(359 reference statements)

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“…: fusarentine 6,7-dimethyl ether, monocerin, and colletotrialide (Tianpanich et al, 2011), stigmasterol, sitostenone, squalene, ergosterol and ergosterol peroxide (Carvalho et al, 2016) were identified. Colletotrichum species have been identified to produce a variety of secondary metabolites genes, including flavones, peptides and terpenes (Crouch et al, 2014) and many other metabolites as Jayawardena et al (2016) shows.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary metabolites from endophytic fungus from Lippia sidoides Cham.

Ferreira¹,

Santos²,

Soares³

et al. 2017

J. Med. Plants Res.

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Lippia sidoidesCham. (Verbenaceae) is a species native to the Brazilian northeast, widely used in popular medicine. Its leaves were used for the isolation of endophytic fungi and extraction of metabolites. Among them, three were selected according to fungitoxicity tests against the maize phytopathogenic fungus, Curvularia lunata (Wakker). However, the objective of this study was to identify the role of L. sidoides extracts associated with their endophytic fungi, necessary to reduce excess of fungicides applied on the maize crop. Metabolites were evaluated for antioxidant activity by 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), phenols, total flavonoids and one of it endophytic fungus were evaluated for synergism (Verticilium sp. and plant extracts). The endophytic fungi and plant extracts evaluated for phenolic content ranged from 0.29 ± 0.05 to 96.94 ± 11.86 mgEAG/g, the content of flavonoids from 14.31 ± 1.56 to 192.33 ± 4.58 mgER/g, and antioxidant activity could only be observed for the plant extract with EC 50 81 ± 0.3%. The secondary metabolites identified by HPLC in the plant extract were catechin, quercetin, gallic acid and naringin. Naringenin, catechin, epigallocatechin gallate and quercetin were identified in the extract of the fungi viz. Verticillium sp. and Fusarium sp. Synergistic analysis between a 1:1 proportion of plant and fungal extracts has shown more efficient (79.0%) inhibition of C. lunata. Thus, alternative control of phytopathogenic fungi can be accomplished using plant extracts associated with their endophytic fungi, reducing the excess of fungicides applied on the maize crop.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary metabolites from endophytic fungus from Lippia sidoides Cham.

Ferreira¹,

Santos²,

Soares³

et al. 2017

J. Med. Plants Res.

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“…Using genome sequencing and bioinformatics, a large number of effector candidate genes have been predicted genome‐wide in hemibiotrophic Colletotrichum species, including C. gloeosporiodes , C. graminicola , C. higginsianum , and C. orbiculare (Crouch et al . , 2014). It has been suggested that each Colletotrichum species has evolved a unique set of effector genes to adapt to its own hosts (Crouch et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel effector CfEC92 of Colletotrichum fructicola contributes to glomerella leaf spot virulence by suppressing plant defences at the early infection phase

Shang

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2020

Molecular Plant Pathology

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The ascomycete fungus Colletotrichum fructicola causes diseases on a broad range of plant species. On susceptible cultivars of apple, it induces severe early defoliation and fruit spots, named glomerella leaf spot (GLS), but the mechanisms of pathogenicity have remained elusive. Phytopathogens exhibit small secreted effectors to advance host infection by manipulating host immune reactions. We report the identification and characterization of CfEC92, an effector required for C. fructicola virulence. CfEC92 is a Colletotrichum-specific small secreted protein that suppresses BAX-triggered cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana. Accumulation of the gene transcript was barely detectable in conidia or vegetative hyphae, but was highly up-regulated in appressoria formed during early apple leaf infection. Gene deletion mutants were not affected in vegetative growth, appressorium formation, or appressoriummediated cellophane penetration. However, the mutants were significantly reduced in virulence toward apple leaves and fruits. Microscopic examination indicated that infection by the deletion mutants elicited elevated deposition of papillae at the penetration sites, and formation of infection vesicles and primary hyphae was retarded.Signal peptide activity, subcellular localization, and cell death-suppressive activity (without signal peptide) assays suggest that CfEC92 could be secreted and perform virulence functions inside plant cells. RNA sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription PCR results confirmed that the deletion mutants triggered elevated host defence reactions. Our results strongly support the interpretation that CfEC92 contributes to C. fructicola virulence as a plant immunity suppressor at the early infection phase. K E Y W O R D S apple, Colletotrichum, effector, host immune response, pathogenicity | 937 SHANG et Al. S U PP O RTI N G I N FO R M ATI O N Additional supporting information may be found online in the Supporting Information section. How to cite this article: Shang S, Wang B, Zhang S, et al. A novel effector CfEC92 of Colletotrichum fructicola contributes to glomerella leaf spot virulence by suppressing plant defences at the early infection phase. Molecular Plant Pathology. 2020;21:936-950. https://doi.

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“…Several draft and optical map-based genomes of species in the genus Colletotrichum have been published in past years, addressing and comparing the molecular mechanisms governing the pathogenic life of the species (O'Connell et al, 2012;Baroncelli et al, 2014;Crouch et al, 2014;Gan et al, 2016;Zampounis et al, 2016;Buiate et al, 2017). Although an increasingly more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of these pathogens is thus emerging, the key genes determining compatibility and virulence in the host have not been identified, with the exception of the C. lindemuthianum-Phaseolus vulgaris pathosystem, which follows a gene-for-gene concept as described by Flor in 1946(Luna-Mart ınez et al, 2007.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic map‐guided genome assembly reveals a virulence‐governing minichromosome in the lentil anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum lentis

et al. 2018

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Colletotrichum lentis causes anthracnose, which is a serious disease on lentil and can account for up to 70% crop loss. Two pathogenic races, 0 and 1, have been described in the C. lentis population from lentil. To unravel the genetic control of virulence, an isolate of the virulent race 0 was sequenced at 1481-fold genomic coverage. The 56.10-Mb genome assembly consists of 50 scaffolds with N scaffold length of 4.89 Mb. A total of 11 436 protein-coding gene models was predicted in the genome with 237 coding candidate effectors, 43 secondary metabolite biosynthetic enzymes and 229 carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), suggesting a contraction of the virulence gene repertoire in C. lentis. Scaffolds were assigned to 10 core and two minichromosomes using a population (race 0 × race 1, n = 94 progeny isolates) sequencing-based, high-density (14 312 single nucleotide polymorphisms) genetic map. Composite interval mapping revealed a single quantitative trait locus (QTL), qClVIR-11, located on minichromosome 11, explaining 85% of the variability in virulence of the C. lentis population. The QTL covers a physical distance of 0.84 Mb with 98 genes, including seven candidate effector and two secondary metabolite genes. Taken together, the study provides genetic and physical evidence for the existence of a minichromosome controlling the C. lentis virulence on lentil.

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The Genomics of Colletotrichum

Cited by 57 publications

References 239 publications

Secondary metabolites from endophytic fungus from Lippia sidoides Cham.

Secondary metabolites from endophytic fungus from Lippia sidoides Cham.

A novel effector CfEC92 of Colletotrichum fructicola contributes to glomerella leaf spot virulence by suppressing plant defences at the early infection phase

Genetic map‐guided genome assembly reveals a virulence‐governing minichromosome in the lentil anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum lentis

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