The Genetics of Sleep Disorders in Children: A Narrative Review

Mainieri, Greta; Montini, Angelica; Nicotera, Antonio Gennaro; Rosa, Gabriella Di; Provini, Federica; Loddo, Giuseppe

doi:10.3390/brainsci11101259

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 195 publications

(240 reference statements)

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“…3B ). We found that chronotype and insomnia played a predominant role in these genetic effects shared between sleep and organ structures and functions, which may be related to the extensive involvement of the loci in the regulation of circadian rhythms 135 . Genes associated with circadian rhythms were intricately linked to the underlying mechanisms that govern fundamental biological processes for human health, spanning multiple organs 50 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

The role of sleep in the human brain and body: insights from multi-organ imaging genetics

Fan

Shu

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Sleep is essential for the health of the brain and heart. Although sleep has been identified as a factor in a few specific clinical outcomes, a systematic analysis of the relationship between sleep and brain/heart and their genetic underpinnings is lacking. Medical images can provide useful clinical endophenotypes for organ structures and functions. Here we present a systematic genetic investigation of sleep-brain/heart connections using multi-modal brain and cardiac images from over 40,000 subjects in the UK Biobank. We identified novel phenotypic and genetic links between sleep and a wide range of imaging traits, such as brain structures, white matter integrity, brain activities, as well as cardiac structures and functions. We prioritized a number of imaging modalities and traits for specific sleep conditions, such as the resting brain function measures in the somatomotor network with narcolepsy. Sleep and imaging had overlapping genetic influences in 39 genomic loci, some of which showed evidence of shared causal genetic variants. In conclusion, large-scale imaging genetic data illuminate the implications of sleep on brain and cardiac health and their genetic links. An interactive web browser (www.ig4sleep.org) has been developed to facilitate exploring our results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

The role of sleep in the human brain and body: insights from multi-organ imaging genetics

Fan

Shu

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…However, those studies have not described a later but in fact an earlier chronotype (earlier bed and waking times) in young adults and adolescents born preterm, especially in those born SGA (Björkqvist et al, 2014,2020 Hibbs et al, 2014). This earlier chronotype may reflect developmental influences, as well as genetic alterations and/or parenting styles, and may be protective for later mental and physical health (Hibbs et al, 2014; Mainieri et al, 2021). Based on these findings, the association of birth size and social jetlag would have been expected in the opposite direction as observed in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal and infant growth patterns, sleep, and 24‐h activity rhythms: a population‐based prospective cohort study in school‐age children

Beunders

Koopman‐Verhoeff

Vermeulen

et al. 2023

Journal of Sleep Research

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Summary The study objective was to explore associations of fetal and infant weight patterns and preterm birth with sleep and 24‐h activity rhythm parameters at school‐age. In our prospective population‐based study, 1327 children were followed from birth to age 10–15 years. Fetal weight was estimated using ultrasound in the second and third trimester of pregnancy. Birth weight and gestational age were available from midwife registries. Infant weight was measured at 6, 12 and 24 months. Fetal and infant weight acceleration or deceleration were defined as a change of >0.67 standard deviation between the corresponding age intervals. At school‐age, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, social jetlag, inter‐daily stability, and intra‐daily variability were assessed using tri‐axial wrist actigraphy for 9 consecutive nights. We observed that low birth weight (<2500 g) was associated with 0.24 standard deviation (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04; 0.43) longer sleep duration compared to normal weight. Compared to normal growth, growth deceleration in fetal life and infancy was associated with 0.40 standard deviation (95% CI 0.07; 0.73) longer sleep duration, 0.44 standard deviation (95% CI 0.14; 0.73) higher sleep efficiency, and −0.41 standard deviation (95% CI −0.76; ‐0.07) shorter wake after sleep onset. A pattern of normal fetal growth followed by infant growth acceleration was associated with −0.40 standard deviation (95% CI −0.61; −0.19) lower inter‐daily stability. Preterm birth was not associated with any sleep or 24‐h rhythm parameters. Our findings showed that children with fetal and infant growth restriction had longer and more efficient sleep at school‐age, which may be indicative of an increased need for sleep for maturational processes and development after a difficult start in life.

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“…Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the sudden and unexpected death of a healthy child under one year of age, usually during sleep. The cause of SIDS is still unknown, but many risk factors have been identified, including prematurity [ 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 ].…”

Section: Nts In the Neonatal Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Neurotrophins on the Brain–Lung Axis: Conception, Pregnancy, and Neonatal Period

D’Amico,

Lugarà,

Luppino

et al. 2024

CIMB

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Neurotrophins (NTs) are four small proteins produced by both neuronal and non-neuronal cells; they include nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4). NTs can exert their action through both genomic and non-genomic mechanisms by interacting with specific receptors. Initial studies on NTs have identified them only as functional molecules of the nervous system. However, recent research have shown that some tissues and organs (such as the lungs, skin, and skeletal and smooth muscle) as well as some structural cells can secrete and respond to NTs. In addition, NTs perform several roles in normal and pathological conditions at different anatomical sites, in both fetal and postnatal life. During pregnancy, NTs are produced by the mother, placenta, and fetus. They play a pivotal role in the pre-implantation process and in placental and embryonic development; they are also involved in the development of the brain and respiratory system. In the postnatal period, it appears that NTs are associated with some diseases, such as sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), asthma, congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS), and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

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The Genetics of Sleep Disorders in Children: A Narrative Review

Cited by 21 publications

References 195 publications

The role of sleep in the human brain and body: insights from multi-organ imaging genetics

The role of sleep in the human brain and body: insights from multi-organ imaging genetics

Fetal and infant growth patterns, sleep, and 24‐h activity rhythms: a population‐based prospective cohort study in school‐age children

The Influence of Neurotrophins on the Brain–Lung Axis: Conception, Pregnancy, and Neonatal Period

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