The genetics of Artemia salina: VII. Reproductive isolation

Clark, Linda S.; Bowen, Sarane T.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a108758

“…Surprisingly, reproductive isolation -due to ecological specialisation and local adaptation -has only been reported between Mono Lake and San Francisco Bay populations (Bowen et al 1988) due to the inability of individuals of each of these populations to survive in each others' ecological conditions, but our data show they are very closely related. (lineage 9) (Clark & Bowen 1976). Therefore, we concur with Bowen et al (1988) …”

Section: Taxonomic Considerationssupporting

confidence: 81%

Bird migratory flyways influence the phylogeography of the invasive brine shrimp Artemia franciscana in its native American range

Muñoz

¹

,

Amat

²

,

Green

³

et al. 2013

Preprint

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View the peer-reviewed version (peerj.com/articles/200), which is the preferred citable publication unless you specifically need to cite this preprint. flyways. There was a high degree of regional endemism, with populations subdivided into at least 12 divergent, geographically restricted and largely allopatric mitochondrial lineages, and high levels of population structure ( Φ ST of 0.92), indicating low ongoing gene flow. We found evidence of human-mediated introductions in nine out of 39 populations analysed. Once these populations were removed, Mantel tests revealed a strong association between genetic variation and geographic distance (i.e., isolation-by-distance pattern). RDA showed that shared bird flyways explained around 20% of the variance in genetic distance between populations and this was highly significant, once geographic distance was controlled for. The variance explained increased to 30% when the factor human introduction was included in the model. Our findings suggest that bird-mediated transport of brine shrimp propagules does not result in substantial ongoing gene flow; instead, it had a significant historical role on the current species phylogeography, facilitating the colonisation of new aquatic environments as PeerJ PrePrints | https://peerj.com/preprints/79v1/ | v1 received:

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“…Surprisingly, reproductive isolation -due to ecological specialisation and local adaptation -has only been reported between Mono Lake and San Francisco Bay populations (Bowen et al 1988) due to the inability of individuals of each of these populations to survive in each others' ecological conditions, but our data show they are very closely related. Indeed cross-fertility has been observed in the laboratory between the San Francisco Bay population and 15 other populations from the whole range of the species, including some populations included in our study that belong to very divergent mtDNA lineages (lineage 9) (Clark & Bowen 1976). Therefore, we concur with Bowen et al (1988) …”

Section: Taxonomic Considerationssupporting

confidence: 80%

Bird migratory flyways influence the phylogeography of the invasive brine shrimp Artemia franciscana in its native American range

Muñoz

¹

,

Amat

²

,

Green

³

et al. 2013

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

View the peer-reviewed version (peerj.com/articles/200), which is the preferred citable publication unless you specifically need to cite this preprint. flyways. There was a high degree of regional endemism, with populations subdivided into at least 12 divergent, geographically restricted and largely allopatric mitochondrial lineages, and high levels of population structure ( Φ ST of 0.92), indicating low ongoing gene flow. We found evidence of human-mediated introductions in nine out of 39 populations analysed. Once these populations were removed, Mantel tests revealed a strong association between genetic variation and geographic distance (i.e., isolation-by-distance pattern). RDA showed that shared bird flyways explained around 20% of the variance in genetic distance between populations and this was highly significant, once geographic distance was controlled for. The variance explained increased to 30% when the factor human introduction was included in the model. Our findings suggest that bird-mediated transport of brine shrimp propagules does not result in substantial ongoing gene flow; instead, it had a significant historical role on the current species phylogeography, facilitating the colonisation of new aquatic environments as PeerJ PrePrints | https://peerj.com/preprints/79v1/ | v1 received:

show abstract

“…We conclude that previous studies (CLARK and BOWEN, 1976;BADARACCO et al, 1987;BARIGOZZI et al, 1987;AZARI TAKAMI, 1989;AHMADI et al, 1990;BROWNE et al, 1991;PADOR, 1995;VAN STAPPEN et al, 2001) were correct in their findings about the Artemia population from Lake Urmia; namely, that different batches of cysts originating from different parts of either the lake or the neighbouring lagoons could have led to contradictory conclusions concerning the sexual status of the populations. On the basis of our results, we can assume that BADARACCO et al (1987) and BARIGOZZI et al (1987) used cysts produced in the lagoons adjacent to the lake or harvested from the coastal areas (some of the lagoons occasionally merge with the lake).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Coexistence of Sexual and Parthenogenetic Artemia Populations in Lake Urmia and Neighbouring Lagoons

Agh

¹

,

Abatzopoulos

²

,

Kappas

³

et al. 2007

International Review of Hydrobiology

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We studied the Artemia populations existing in Lake Urmia (north-western Iran), one of the largest habitats of Artemia in the world, in order to settle the long-standing controversy over the sexual status of the endemic Artemia populations. Experiments were carried out in the laboratory and in the field. Cysts, collected from different sites of the lake and peripheral lagoons, were hatched and cultured to adults in the laboratory. Adult sexual and parthenogenetic animals were isolated and newly hatched nauplii from them were cultured to maturity in different salinities, ranging from 15 -80 ppt. Survival levels and percentage of animals attaining adulthood were measured over a period of 30 days. In the field experiment, cysts taken from Lake Urmia were hatched and the resulting nauplii were inoculated into six earthen ponds (80 -140 ppt) constructed in the vicinity of the lake. Population composition in each pond was determined over a period of two years. Results indicated that both sexual and parthenogenetic Artemia coexist in Lake Urmia. While the lake itself is dominated by sexual Artemia, the asexual populations were found to be restricted to particular areas in or near the lake. Artemia appearing seasonally in the lagoons adjacent to the lake were exclusively parthenogenetic. Parthenogens could grow, mature and reproduce at very low salinities (15 -33 ppt), whereas higher salinities (above 50 ppt) were required for A. urmiana to attain sexual maturity. We consider salinity to be a major abiotic factor determining the distribution of these sexually different populations within and outside the lake.

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The genetics of Artemia salina: VII. Reproductive isolation

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Bird migratory flyways influence the phylogeography of the invasive brine shrimp Artemia franciscana in its native American range

Bird migratory flyways influence the phylogeography of the invasive brine shrimp Artemia franciscana in its native American range

Bird migratory flyways influence the phylogeography of the invasive brine shrimp Artemia franciscana in its native American range

Coexistence of Sexual and Parthenogenetic Artemia Populations in Lake Urmia and Neighbouring Lagoons

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