The Fus3/Kss1 MAP kinase homolog Amk1 regulates the expression of genes encoding hydrolytic enzymes in Alternaria brassicicola

Cho, Yangrae; Cramer, Robert A.; Kim, Kwang Hyung; Davis, Joshua; Mitchell, Thomas K.; Figuli, P. J.; Pryor, Barry M.; Lemasters, Emily; Lawrence, Christopher B.

doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2006.11.015

Cited by 61 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…Similar conidiation defect was also reported in Amk1-deficient mutants of A. brassicicola (Cho et al, 2007). They could not produced fully developed conidia on many media, e.g., PDA, weak PDA (1/20 concentration), and glycerol yeast extract agar (Cho et al, 2007). There are two classifications of plant pathogenic fungi related to the role of the Fus3/Kss1 pathway on conidiation.…”

supporting

confidence: 71%

“…The addition of cAMP, yeast extracts, or glucose could not induce conidiation at all (Lin and Chung, 2010). Similar conidiation defect was also reported in Amk1-deficient mutants of A. brassicicola (Cho et al, 2007). They could not produced fully developed conidia on many media, e.g., PDA, weak PDA (1/20 concentration), and glycerol yeast extract agar (Cho et al, 2007).…”

supporting

confidence: 69%

“…Disruption of AaFus3, a S. cerevisiae Fus3 homologous gene in A. alternata, decreased the radial growth by 40 ± 8% compared to that of wild type on potato dextrose agar (PDA) media, and the growth rate was restored to the original wild type level by reintroducing the gene AaFus3 into the mutants (Lin and Chung, 2010). A similar result was acquired in a study of A. brassicicola (Cho et al, 2007). In that study, deletion of Amk1, the AaFus3 homologous gene, also significantly reduced the growth rate of A. brassicicola on different media.…”

supporting

confidence: 65%

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The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signal Transduction Pathways in Alternaria Species

Xu¹,

Xu²,

Wang³

et al. 2012

The Plant Pathology Journal

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Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are conserved signaling modules in the eukaryotic cells. They are involved in many major cell processes in fungi such as stress responses, vegetative growth, pathogenicity, secondary metabolism and cell wall integrity. In this review, we summarized the advances of research on the MAPK signaling pathways in Alternaria species. As major phytopathogenic fungi, Alternaria species reduce crop production. In contrast to the five MAPK pathways known in yeast, only three MAPK pathways as Fus3/Kss1-type, Hog1-type, and Slt2-type have been characterized in Alternaria. The Fus3/Kss1-type MAPK pathway participates in regulation of vegetative growth, conidiation, production of some cell-wall-degrading enzymes and pathogenicity. The Hog1-type pathway is involved in osmotic and oxidative stress, fungicides susceptibility and pathogenicity. The Slt2-type MAP kinases play an important role on maintaining cell wall integrity, pathogenicity and conidiation. Although recent advances on the MAPK pathways in Alternaria spp. reveal many important features on the pathogenicity, there are many unsolved problems regarding to the unknown MAP kinase cascade components and network among other major signal transduction. Considering the economic loss induced by Alternaria spp., more researches on the MAPK pathways will need to control the Alternaria diseases.

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supporting

confidence: 71%

supporting

confidence: 69%

supporting

confidence: 65%

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The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signal Transduction Pathways in Alternaria Species

Xu¹,

Xu²,

Wang³

et al. 2012

The Plant Pathology Journal

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“…These genes were known to be induced during pathogenesis (Cho et al, 2007;Cramer et al, 2006;Lev and Horwitz, 2003). They were considered important for pathogenesis based on their highly elevated expression level.…”

Section: Importance Of a Coordinated Expression Of Individual Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Slow growth of a deletion mutant of the pathogenicity factor gene AbSte12, with pectin as a major carbon source, suggested that the gene was necessary for the induction of pectin digestion enzymes. Its upstream mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase gene, Amk1, was necessary for the induction of several hydrolytic enzyme-coding genes (Cho et al 2007). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Zinc-Finger-Family Transcription Factor, AbVf19, Is Required for the Induction of a Gene Subset Important for Virulence in Alternaria brassicicola

Srivastava¹,

Ohm²,

Oxiles³

et al. 2012

MPMI

Self Cite

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Alternaria brassicicola is a successful saprophyte and necrotrophic pathogen with a broad host range. It produces secondary metabolites that marginally affect virulence, in contrast to many A. alternata strains that produce secondary metabolites as host-specific pathogenicity factors. Cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs) have been considered important for pathogenesis, but no CWDEs have been identified as significant virulence factors in A. brassicicola. In this study, we discovered mutants of a gene, AbVf19, which consistently produced smaller lesions than the wild type. The mutants grew slower than the wild type on an axenic medium with pectin as a major carbon source. Gene expression comparisons identified several hydrolytic enzyme-coding genes being down-regulated in the mutant during a late stage of infection. These down-regulated genes comprised a small fraction of genes within each family. Three of these genes had mutants that showed no or little change in virulence. This suggests that each down regulated gene only made a small contribution to virulence, or that their functions were redundant. This study demonstrates the existence and importance of a transcription factor that regulates a suite of genes that are probably important for decomposing and utilizing plant material during the late stage of plant infection.3

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From Tools of Survival to Weapons of Destruction: The Role of Cell Wall-Degrading Enzymes in Plant Infection

Pietro¹,

Roncero²,

Roldán³

The Mycota

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The Fus3/Kss1 MAP kinase homolog Amk1 regulates the expression of genes encoding hydrolytic enzymes in Alternaria brassicicola

Cited by 61 publications

References 39 publications

The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signal Transduction Pathways in Alternaria Species

The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signal Transduction Pathways in Alternaria Species

A Zinc-Finger-Family Transcription Factor, AbVf19, Is Required for the Induction of a Gene Subset Important for Virulence in Alternaria brassicicola

From Tools of Survival to Weapons of Destruction: The Role of Cell Wall-Degrading Enzymes in Plant Infection

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